Ch.4: Sensation & Pereption Flashcards
Specialized receptors cells located in our sense organs. they detect and transmit raw sensory information from the external/internal environments to the brain
sensation
the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory information into meaningful patterns.
perception
the sensory receptors convert the energy from the specific sensory stimulus into neural impulse, which are sent to the brain
transduction
The brain interprets different physical stimuli as distinct situations because their neural impulses travel by different route and arrive at different parts of the brain
Coding
studies and measures the link between the physical characteristic of stimuli and the sensory experience of them
phsycophysics
The smallest physical difference between two stimuli that is consciously detectable 50% of the time. Webers law of just noticeable difference
Different threshold
Softest level at which you can sense a stimuli 50% of the time. (hearing Test)
Absolute Threshold
weak stimuli
Sublimal stimuli
when a constant stimulus is presented for a long length of time. sensation often fades, or dissapears
Sensory adaptation
A theory proposed by Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall, believed that the experience of pain depends on whether the neural messages get pass a gatekeeper in the spinal cord
Gate control theory
which sense is involved in interpreting,light waves are a form of electromagnetic energy,
vision
which sense is involved in sound waves
hearing
Place theory is defined as
High frequency > high pitch sound
Frequency theory
Low frequency > low pitch sound
Problems with mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea (hearing aids)
conduction hearing loss
Damage from the cochlea’s receptor (hair cells) or the auditory nerve. Continuous exposure to loud noises
Sensorineural hearing loss
typically called chemical senses, they both rely on chemoreceptors that are sensitive to certain molecules
smell and taste
sense of smell, posses more than 1000 types of olfactory receptors, can detect 10000 distinct smells
olfacotry
chemicals found in natural body scent, affect various behaviors.
phermones
sense of taste
gustation
true or false: false expectation can actually trigger areas of the brain that respond to pleasant experiences. (expensive wine)
true
the five distinct taste(gustation) buds are
sweet, sour, salty , bitter, umami
taste buds are distributed all over our tongue withing the little bumps called
papillae
detects touch, temperature, and pain (kangaroo-care)
skin
sense of balance how our body is oriented w/ gravity
vestibular sense
sense located in muscles, joints, and tendons. Detects bodily posture, orientation ad movement of body relative to each other
Kinesthesis
false, misleading impression produced by errors in the perceptual process
illusion
brain picks out the information that is important & discards the rest (cocktail party phenomenon)
Selective attention
Decrease in responding due to repeated stimulation by the same stimulus ( long term relationships)
Habituatuion
respond to only certain stimuli, associated with the temporal and occipital lobe
Feature detectors
perceive depth & distance of objects
depth perception
both eyes work together
binocular
each eye seperately
monocular
perceptual constancies, perceive the environment as stable, despite changes in physical form
constancies perception
three color systems, sensitive to green, red , blue
Trichromatic theory of color
sensitive to oposing colors, (black and white)
Opponent process theory of color
influenced by sensory adaptation, perceptual set, frame of reference and bottom up or top down processing
interpretation
readiness to perceive in a particular manner (what we expect to see)
perceptual set
our surroundings, think were better compared to something else
frame of reference
bottom up & top down
sensory> perception
perception> sensory
