Ch.7: Memory

Question 1

The internal record or representation of some prior event or experience. The mental capacity to encode, store, and retrieve information

Answer 1

Memory

Question 2

What are three key terms for memorization

Answer 2

Encode, Storage, and retrieve

Question 3

What are the three forms of storage

Answer 3

Sensory storage,Short term memory, and long term memory

Question 4

The process of organizing and shaping information during processing, storage,and retrieval of memories

Answer 4

Constructive Process

Question 5

The initial memory storage, which holds sensor information, has relatively capacity but the duration is only for a few seconds

Answer 5

Sensory Memory

Question 6

Two types of sensory memory include

Answer 6

Iconic memory and auditory memory

Question 7

The second memory stage, which is also called working memory, temporarily stores and processes stimuli. If information is important, it organizes and send information to the LTM. Capacityis limited and duration is 30 seconds

Answer 7

Short term memory

Question 8

The process of grouping seperate area pieces of information into a single unit on the basis of similarity or some organizing principle. EX. phone number

Answer 8

Chunking

Question 9

The memory improvement technique of repeating information over and over to maintain in STM

Answer 9

Maintenance Rehearsal

Question 10

The third stage, stores information permanently

Answer 10

Long term memory

Question 11

short term memory retrieves its information from

Answer 11

sensory memory and LTM

Question 12

Type of LTM which consciously stores facts, information and personal life experience

Answer 12

Explicit/declarative memory

Question 13

Type of LTM which consist of general knowledge, rules,facts,and specific information

Answer 13

Semantic Memory

Question 14

Type of LTM which is a mental diary of a person’s life, episodes

Answer 14

Episodic memory

Question 15

Type of LTM which is procedural motor skill, classically conditioned responses . What we already know. common sense

Answer 15

Implicit/nondeclaritive memory

Question 16

Prior exposure to a stimulus facilitates the processing of new information

Answer 16

Priming

Question 17

3 ways to improve long term memory are

Answer 17

Organization, rehearsal and retrieval

Question 18

A strategy or device that uses familiar information during encoding of new information to enhance subsequent access to the information

Answer 18

Mnemonic

Question 19

_________ retrieves of information is improved if cues recieved at the time of recall are consistent with those present at the time of encoding

Answer 19

Encoding-Specifity principle

Question 20

A prompt or stimulus that aids recall or retrieval of a stored piece of information from LTM

Answer 20

Retrieval cue

Question 21

__________ first introduced the experimental study of learning and forgetting in 1885

Answer 21

Herman Ebbinghus

Question 22

A forgetting theory which states that connections between neurons probably deteriorate over time (use it or lose it)

Answer 22

Decay theory

Question 23

A forgetting theory which states that it is caused by two competing memory, with memories similar to one another.

Answer 23

Interference theory

Question 24

new info leads to forgetting old info Ex. names of new friends

Answer 24

Retroactive interference

Question 25

Old info leads to forgetting new info EX. accidentally used an ex bf name to refer to your current bf

Answer 25

Proactive interference

Question 26

We forget some information for a reason (unpleasant events)

Answer 26

Motivated forgetting theory

Question 27

During STM, overlook precise details and may not fully encode it

Answer 27

Encoding failure theory

Question 28

Memories stored in LTM arent forgotten, just momentarily inaccesible

Answer 28

Retrieval failure theory

Question 29

The feeling that a word or an event you are trying to remember will pop out at any second

Answer 29

Tip of the tongue

Question 30

Factors that involved in forgetting include

Answer 30

Misinformation effect,Serial position Effect, Source amnesia Sleeper effect, Spacing of Practice and Culture

Question 31

A memory distortion that results from misleading post event

Answer 31

Misinformation effect

Question 32

Information at the beginning and end are remembered first

Answer 32

Serial position effect

Question 33

A memory error caused by forgetting the true source of memory

Answer 33

Source amnesia

Question 34

A memory error in which information from an unreliable sources that was initially discounted later gains credibility because the source is forgotten

Answer 34

Sleeper Effect

Question 35

Spacing your learning periods with breaks

Answer 35

Distributed practice

Question 36

Time spent learning is grouped, long and no breaks

Answer 36

Cramming, Massed practice

Question 37

A long lasting increase in neural excitability, which may be a biological mechanism for learning memory

Answer 37

Long term potentiation

Question 38

Flashbulb memory is different from ordinaary memories because of

Answer 38

Its vividness and confidence in accuracy

Question 39

Flashbulbs memories are, what are examples

Answer 39

Vivid, detailed and near permanent images assosciated with surprising or strongly emotional events. (first kiss,loss of a loved one, first baby)

Question 40

Where are memories located?

Answer 40

Thalamus, Cerebral cortex, Amygdala, Hippocampus, and Cerebellum

Question 41

the leading cause of memory loss is

Answer 41

Traumatic brain injury

Question 42

loss of memory

Answer 42

Amnesia

Question 43

Old memories lost, new memories okay. (temporary)

Answer 43

Retrograde amnesia

Question 44

Old memories okay, new memories can’t form

Answer 44

Anterograde amnesia

Question 45

The process by which neurons changes associated with recent learning become durable and stable

Answer 45

Consolidation

Question 46

Progressive mental deterioration, common in old age

Answer 46

Alzeihemer’s disease