CH8: Psychology of Athletic Preparation and Performance Flashcards
state marked by psychological and physiological efficiency
ideal performance state
mental energy is generated, maintained, and depleted via what?
our emotions
psychological and physical actiavation
arousal
the physical manifestation of anxiety
somatic anxiety
an individuals negative perception of a situation
cognitive anxiety
state anxiety
subjective experience of apprehension/uncertainty accompanied by elevated autonomic and voluntary neural outflow and endocrine activity
trait anxiety
a personality variable/disposition that related to how one views an environment as threatening
a substantial imbalance between a physiological or psychological demand and response capability
stress
positive stress
eustress
negative stress
distress
hull’s drive theory
states that as state anxiety increases so does performance
catastrophe thoery
states that somatic arousal has a inverted U relationship but that cognitive anxiety has a steady negative relationship
reversal theory
interpretation of arousal and anxiety dictates the impact on performance
inherent reward from participation in an activity
intrinsic motivation
awards, trophies, praise
extrinsic motivation
all else being equal an athlete that possesses what sort of motivation is likely to be more successful?
achievement motivation
a persons effort to master a task, achieve excellence, overcome obstacles, engage in competition and social comparison
achivement motivation
desire to protect ones ego and self esteem
motive to avoid failure
pride in one’s accomplishments, desire to challenge oneself and evaluate ones abilities
motive to achieve success
involving the athlete in the decisions related to practice structure
self-controlled practice
positive reinforcement
increasing target behavior by adding a reward
positive punisment
decreasing target behavior by adding a punishment
negative reinforcement
increasing target behavior by removing a punishment (or adversary)
negative punishment
decreasing target behavior by removing a reward
why is reinforcement better than punishment generally?
because it increases task relevant focus rather than worry focus (focused on increasing target behavior)
processing of environmental and internal cues as they come into awareness
attention
ability to suppress task irrelevant cues
selective attention
what is one method of dealing with anxiety and attentional challenges?
adopting a routine
what are some techniques to control arousal and anxiety?
diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training, systematic desensitization
progressive muscle relaxation technique but instead of contraction relaxation you focus on heaviness and warmth
autogenic training
replacing a fear response to various cues with a relaxation response
systematic desensitization
counter conditioning
principle behind desensitization - adaptive learned replacement process
what is a tool that allows athletes to get used to an uncertain environment over longer periods of time despite minimal real world opportunity?
mental imagery
belief that one can successfully perform a desired behavior?
self confidence
belief that one can successfully perform a given task in a specific situation
self efficacy
goals where the athlete has control over the acheivement
process goals
goals where the athlete has little control over the achievement
outcome goals
practice that addresses the skill in its entirety
whole practice
practice that separates the skill into several sub components
part practice
segmentation
breaking down a task into subcomponents that have clear breaks between them
fractionalization
breaking down a task into subcomponents that occur simultaneously
adjusting difficulty of a task by changing characteristics such as speed or equipment used
simplification
pure part training
1, 2, 3, 123
progressive part training
1, 2, 12, 3, 123
repetitive part training
1, 12, 123
variations of the same skill within a single practice session
variable practice
the use of pre-recorded video or demonstrations
observational learning
instruction style that can lead to impaired performance in a stressful environment
explicit instruction
instruction style that can slow the learning process
discovery
feedback provided from the senses
intrinsic
feedback provided by an observer or recorded media
augmented
feedback information regarding athletes movement pattern contributes to what?
knowledge of performance
an athletes recorded sprint time is information that contributes to an athletes what?
knowledge of results
