CH8: Psychology of Athletic Preparation and Performance

Question 1

state marked by psychological and physiological efficiency

Answer 1

ideal performance state

Question 2

mental energy is generated, maintained, and depleted via what?

Answer 2

our emotions

Question 3

psychological and physical actiavation

Answer 3

arousal

Question 4

the physical manifestation of anxiety

Answer 4

somatic anxiety

Question 5

an individuals negative perception of a situation

Answer 5

cognitive anxiety

Question 6

state anxiety

Answer 6

subjective experience of apprehension/uncertainty accompanied by elevated autonomic and voluntary neural outflow and endocrine activity

Question 7

trait anxiety

Answer 7

a personality variable/disposition that related to how one views an environment as threatening

Question 8

a substantial imbalance between a physiological or psychological demand and response capability

Answer 8

stress

Question 9

positive stress

Answer 9

eustress

Question 10

negative stress

Answer 10

distress

Question 11

hull’s drive theory

Answer 11

states that as state anxiety increases so does performance

Question 12

catastrophe thoery

Answer 12

states that somatic arousal has a inverted U relationship but that cognitive anxiety has a steady negative relationship

Question 13

reversal theory

Answer 13

interpretation of arousal and anxiety dictates the impact on performance

Question 14

inherent reward from participation in an activity

Answer 14

intrinsic motivation

Question 15

awards, trophies, praise

Answer 15

extrinsic motivation

Question 16

all else being equal an athlete that possesses what sort of motivation is likely to be more successful?

Answer 16

achievement motivation

Question 17

a persons effort to master a task, achieve excellence, overcome obstacles, engage in competition and social comparison

Answer 17

achivement motivation

Question 18

desire to protect ones ego and self esteem

Answer 18

motive to avoid failure

Question 19

pride in one’s accomplishments, desire to challenge oneself and evaluate ones abilities

Answer 19

motive to achieve success

Question 20

involving the athlete in the decisions related to practice structure

Answer 20

self-controlled practice

Question 21

positive reinforcement

Answer 21

increasing target behavior by adding a reward

Question 22

positive punisment

Answer 22

decreasing target behavior by adding a punishment

Question 23

negative reinforcement

Answer 23

increasing target behavior by removing a punishment (or adversary)

Question 24

negative punishment

Answer 24

decreasing target behavior by removing a reward

Question 25

why is reinforcement better than punishment generally?

Answer 25

because it increases task relevant focus rather than worry focus (focused on increasing target behavior)

Question 26

processing of environmental and internal cues as they come into awareness

Answer 26

attention

Question 27

ability to suppress task irrelevant cues

Answer 27

selective attention

Question 28

what is one method of dealing with anxiety and attentional challenges?

Answer 28

adopting a routine

Question 29

what are some techniques to control arousal and anxiety?

Answer 29

diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training, systematic desensitization

Question 30

progressive muscle relaxation technique but instead of contraction relaxation you focus on heaviness and warmth

Answer 30

autogenic training

Question 31

replacing a fear response to various cues with a relaxation response

Answer 31

systematic desensitization

Question 32

counter conditioning

Answer 32

principle behind desensitization - adaptive learned replacement process

Question 33

what is a tool that allows athletes to get used to an uncertain environment over longer periods of time despite minimal real world opportunity?

Answer 33

mental imagery

Question 34

belief that one can successfully perform a desired behavior?

Answer 34

self confidence

Question 35

belief that one can successfully perform a given task in a specific situation

Answer 35

self efficacy

Question 36

goals where the athlete has control over the acheivement

Answer 36

process goals

Question 37

goals where the athlete has little control over the achievement

Answer 37

outcome goals

Question 38

practice that addresses the skill in its entirety

Answer 38

whole practice

Question 39

practice that separates the skill into several sub components

Answer 39

part practice

Question 40

segmentation

Answer 40

breaking down a task into subcomponents that have clear breaks between them

Question 41

fractionalization

Answer 41

breaking down a task into subcomponents that occur simultaneously

Question 42

adjusting difficulty of a task by changing characteristics such as speed or equipment used

Answer 42

simplification

Question 43

pure part training

Answer 43

1, 2, 3, 123

Question 44

progressive part training

Answer 44

1, 2, 12, 3, 123

Question 45

repetitive part training

Answer 45

1, 12, 123

Question 46

variations of the same skill within a single practice session

Answer 46

variable practice

Question 47

the use of pre-recorded video or demonstrations

Answer 47

observational learning

Question 48

instruction style that can lead to impaired performance in a stressful environment

Answer 48

explicit instruction

Question 49

instruction style that can slow the learning process

Answer 49

discovery

Question 50

feedback provided from the senses

Answer 50

intrinsic

Question 51

feedback provided by an observer or recorded media

Answer 51

augmented

Question 52

feedback information regarding athletes movement pattern contributes to what?

Answer 52

knowledge of performance

Question 53

an athletes recorded sprint time is information that contributes to an athletes what?

Answer 53

knowledge of results