CH4: Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise Flashcards
what is the term used to describe how the adrenal glands respond to noxious stimulus?
general adaptive syndrome
what is the key to beneficial adaptation to a given stress?
the timely removal of that stress (stimulus) so that the function can recover, and then the reapplication of an increased level of stress (stimulus)
what releases hormones into the blood?
endocrine glands
what is the study of how the nervous system interacts with the endocrine system?
neuroendocrinology
which hormones bind with receptors located on the surface of target tissue cells?
peptid hormones
which hormones bind with receptors located in the cytosol of the target tissue cells?
steroid hormones
study between the neural, endocrine, and immune systems
neuroendocrine immunology
hormones that promote tissue building
anabolic hormones
what are some examples of anabolic hormones?
insulin, testosterone, growth hormone
hormones that have negative effects on protein metabolism
catabolic hormones
what are the two main catabolic hormones?
cortisol and progesterone
the principle that states that a given hormone will interact with a given receptor
the lock and key theory
cross reactivity
when a receptor interacts with other hormones
what are the two types of cross reactivity mechanisms?
allosteric binding or blocking of the primary binding site
what is allosteric binding?
when substances other than hormones can enhance or reduce the cellular response to the primary hormone
the inability of a hormone to interact with a a receptor
downregulation
when a hormone binds with a receptor what is formed?
a hormone receptor complex
what are polypeptide hormones made up of?
chains of amino acids
polypeptide hormones are not fat soluble (T/F)
T
what gets activated within the cell when non fat soluble hormones bind with their receptor outside the cell?
secondary messengers (STAT)
epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine are examples of what type of hormone?
amine hormones
what are the differences between amine and polypeptide hormones?
amine consist of a single amino acid and are not regulated directly via negative feedback
polypeptide hormones consist of multiple amino acids and are regulated directly via negative feedback
what are the primary anabolic hormones involved in muscle tissue growth and remodelin?
testosterone, growth hormone, IGF’s, insulin and thyroid hormones
androgen
hormones that develop male characteristics in humans
normal fluctuations in hormone levels throughout the day
diurnal variations
what type of exercise results in acute increased total testosterone concentrations in men?
large muscle group exercises
how many times lower concentrations of testosterone do women have compared to men?
15 to 20 times lower
what length of rest period coupled with resistance training leads to the greatest serum concentrations of growth hormone? given the same total work
shorter duration
what are the two major divisions of the adrenal gland?
medulla and cortex
when glycogen concentrations are low what gets catabolized to produce energy and support blood glucose concentrations?
protein
cortisol stimulates the conversion of what into what?
amino acids into carbohydrates
what enzymes break down proteins?
proteolytic enzymes
what type of fibers does cortisol have a greater degradative effect on and why?
type II because they have more protein than type I
what role does cortisol play in situations of disease, joint immobilization, or injury?
it mediates a nitrogen wasting effect with a net loss of contractile protein (results in muscle atrophy)
what resistance exercise protocols result in increased serum cortisol values?
high volume, large muscle groups
what type of hormones are most important for the acute expression of strength and power?
catecholamines
