CH4: Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise

Question 1

what is the term used to describe how the adrenal glands respond to noxious stimulus?

Answer 1

general adaptive syndrome

Question 2

what is the key to beneficial adaptation to a given stress?

Answer 2

the timely removal of that stress (stimulus) so that the function can recover, and then the reapplication of an increased level of stress (stimulus)

Question 3

what releases hormones into the blood?

Answer 3

endocrine glands

Question 4

what is the study of how the nervous system interacts with the endocrine system?

Answer 4

neuroendocrinology

Question 5

which hormones bind with receptors located on the surface of target tissue cells?

Answer 5

peptid hormones

Question 6

which hormones bind with receptors located in the cytosol of the target tissue cells?

Answer 6

steroid hormones

Question 7

study between the neural, endocrine, and immune systems

Answer 7

neuroendocrine immunology

Question 8

hormones that promote tissue building

Answer 8

anabolic hormones

Question 9

what are some examples of anabolic hormones?

Answer 9

insulin, testosterone, growth hormone

Question 10

hormones that have negative effects on protein metabolism

Answer 10

catabolic hormones

Question 11

what are the two main catabolic hormones?

Answer 11

cortisol and progesterone

Question 12

the principle that states that a given hormone will interact with a given receptor

Answer 12

the lock and key theory

Question 13

cross reactivity

Answer 13

when a receptor interacts with other hormones

Question 14

what are the two types of cross reactivity mechanisms?

Answer 14

allosteric binding or blocking of the primary binding site

Question 15

what is allosteric binding?

Answer 15

when substances other than hormones can enhance or reduce the cellular response to the primary hormone

Question 16

the inability of a hormone to interact with a a receptor

Answer 16

downregulation

Question 17

when a hormone binds with a receptor what is formed?

Answer 17

a hormone receptor complex

Question 18

what are polypeptide hormones made up of?

Answer 18

chains of amino acids

Question 19

polypeptide hormones are not fat soluble (T/F)

Answer 19

T

Question 20

what gets activated within the cell when non fat soluble hormones bind with their receptor outside the cell?

Answer 20

secondary messengers (STAT)

Question 21

epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine are examples of what type of hormone?

Answer 21

amine hormones

Question 22

what are the differences between amine and polypeptide hormones?

Answer 22

amine consist of a single amino acid and are not regulated directly via negative feedback
polypeptide hormones consist of multiple amino acids and are regulated directly via negative feedback

Question 23

what are the primary anabolic hormones involved in muscle tissue growth and remodelin?

Answer 23

testosterone, growth hormone, IGF’s, insulin and thyroid hormones

Question 24

androgen

Answer 24

hormones that develop male characteristics in humans

Question 25

normal fluctuations in hormone levels throughout the day

Answer 25

diurnal variations

Question 26

what type of exercise results in acute increased total testosterone concentrations in men?

Answer 26

large muscle group exercises

Question 27

how many times lower concentrations of testosterone do women have compared to men?

Answer 27

15 to 20 times lower

Question 28

what length of rest period coupled with resistance training leads to the greatest serum concentrations of growth hormone? given the same total work

Answer 28

shorter duration

Question 29

what are the two major divisions of the adrenal gland?

Answer 29

medulla and cortex

Question 30

when glycogen concentrations are low what gets catabolized to produce energy and support blood glucose concentrations?

Answer 30

protein

Question 31

cortisol stimulates the conversion of what into what?

Answer 31

amino acids into carbohydrates

Question 32

what enzymes break down proteins?

Answer 32

proteolytic enzymes

Question 33

what type of fibers does cortisol have a greater degradative effect on and why?

Answer 33

type II because they have more protein than type I

Question 34

what role does cortisol play in situations of disease, joint immobilization, or injury?

Answer 34

it mediates a nitrogen wasting effect with a net loss of contractile protein (results in muscle atrophy)

Question 35

what resistance exercise protocols result in increased serum cortisol values?

Answer 35

high volume, large muscle groups

Question 36

what type of hormones are most important for the acute expression of strength and power?

Answer 36

catecholamines