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NSCA CSCS > CH2: Biomechanics of Resistance Exercise > Flashcards

CH2: Biomechanics of Resistance Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

proximal attachement

A

origin

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2
Q

distal attachement

A

insertion

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3
Q

toward the center of the body

A

proximal

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4
Q

away from the center of the body

A

distal

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5
Q

what is the pivot point of a lever?

A

fulcrum

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6
Q

what is a first class lever?

A

muscle force and resistive force act on opposite sides of the fulcrum

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7
Q

mechanical advantage

A

a ratio of the product of muscle force and the moment arm through which it acts, and the resistive force and the moment arm through which it acts, that is greater than 1.0

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8
Q

what is a second class lever?

A

muscle force and resistive force acting on the same side of the fulcrum, with the muscle force acting through a much longer moment arm

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9
Q

what is a third class lever?

A

muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum; with the muscle force acting through a much shorter moment arm

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10
Q

what is torque (equation)

A

torque = force x moment arm (distance)

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11
Q

how does bone insertion effect strength?

A

the further away from the joint center tendons are inserted on bone, the longer the moment arm through which muscle acts and therefore the heavier you can lift

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12
Q

how does bone insertion effect speed?

A

the further away from the joint center tendons are inserted on bone, the more the muscle has to contract to make the joint move through a given range of motion

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13
Q

left-right anatomical plane

A

sagittal

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14
Q

front-back anatomical plane

A

frontal

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15
Q

upper-lower anatomical plane

A

transverse

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16
Q

ability to exert force

A

strength

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17
Q

define work

A

force x distance

18
Q

define power

A

time rate of doing work ( P = w/t )

19
Q

how do you get a weight into SI units

A

multiply the mass (kg) by the local acceleration due to gravity (9.8m/s^2)

20
Q

what happens during recruitment?

A

the determining of which and how many motor units will be involved in a muscle contraction by neural control

21
Q

rate coding

A

rate at which motor units are fired

22
Q

what makes a muscle contraction stronger?

A

number of motor units, size of motor units, rate of firing of motor units

23
Q

pennate muscle

A

fibers aligned obliquely with the tendon, creating a featherlike arrangement

24
Q

how does the angle of pennation effect strength and velocity of shortening?

A

greater pennation = greater force, lower shortening velocity

lesser pennation = lesser force, greater shortening velocity

25
Q

muscle shortens because the contractile force is greater than the resistive force

A

concentric

26
Q

muscle lengthens because the contractile force is less than the resistive force

A

eccentric

27
Q

muscle length does not change since the contractile and resistive forces are equal

A

isometric

28
Q

what is the classic formula to standardize loads lifted across body sizes?

A

load lifted divided by body weight to the 2/3 power

29
Q

product of the accelerating force and the mass of the body being accelerated

A

inertial force

30
Q

bracketing technique

A

using lighter than normal and greater than normal resistance for a specific movement

31
Q

what does low resistance bracketing do?

A

allow a greater speed of movement, training the neuromuscular system to operate within that desired speed and acceleration range

32
Q

what does high resistance bracketing do?

A

develops greater force during acceleration at a lower speed, helps with force production

33
Q

formula for frictional force

A

F = coefficient of friction x normal force

34
Q

what are the two components of fluid resistance?

A

surface drag and form drag

35
Q

surface drag

A

friction of a fluid passing along the surface of an object

36
Q

form drag

A

how fluid presses against front or rear (frontal cross sectional area) of an object

37
Q

where are you most likely to get a back injury

A

lower two lumbar vertebrae, and between the lowest lumbar vertebrae and the top of the sacral vertebrae

38
Q

lordotic

A

curved inward

39
Q

kyphotic

A

rounded

40
Q

what does the Valsalva Maneuver do?

A

creates a rigid compartment of liquid in the lower torso and air in the upper torso which increases the rigidity of the entire torso

NSCA CSCS (14 decks)

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