CH12 - CH16: Test Selection and Exercises Flashcards
field test
done away from a lab and doesn’t require extensive equipement
pretest
test administered before beginning of training to determine athletes initial basic ability levels
midtest
test administered one or more times during training period
posttest
test administered at the end of the training period to formalize success
degree to which a test measures what its supposed to measure
validity
extent to which a test actually measures what it was designed to measure
construct validity
appearance to the athlete and other casual observers that the test measures what it is purported to measure
face validity
assessment by experts that the testing covers all relevant subtopics or component abilities in appropriate proportions
content validity
extent to which test scores are associated with some other measure of the same ability
criterion reference validity
what are the three types of criterion reference validity?
concurrent, convergent, predictive, discriminant
extent to which test scores are associated with those of other accepted test
concurrent validity
high positive correlation between results of the test being assess and those of a “gold standard” (recognized measure of a construct)
convergent validity
extent to which the test score corresponds with future behavior of performance
predictive validity
ability of a test to distinguish between two different constructs
discriminant validity
measure of the degree of consistency or repeatability of a test
reliability
lack of consistent performance by person being testedq
intrasubject variability
degree to which different raters (observers) agree in their test results over time or on repeated occasions
interrater variability (objectivity)
lack of consistent score by a given tester
intrarater variability
how much time should occur between tests in a test battery?
at least 5 minutes
what is the optimal testing sequence
Non fatiguing Agility Max power/strength Sprint Local muscular endurance Anaerobic capacity tests Aerobic capacity test
maximal strength tests reflect what type of muscular strength
low-speed
tests that are very short duration but performed at maximum movement speed test what?
anaerobic power
power output reflects what two elements of a movement?
force and velocity
maximum rate of energy production by the combined phosphagen and glycolytic energy system for moderate duration activities
anaerobic capacity
ability of specific muscles or muscle groups to perform repeated contractions against a submaximal resistance
local muscular endurance
maximum rate an athlete can produce energy through oxidation of energy sources
aerobic power
what are example of tests for aerobic power?
yo-yo intermittent recovery test, and maximal aerobic speed test
ability to start stop and change direction of the entire body
agility
movement distance per unit time
speed
range of motion about a body joint
flexiblity
ability to maintain a static and dynamic equilibrium or to maintain body’s center of gravity over its base of support
balance
ability to return to a desired position following a disturbance to the system
stability
relative proportions by weight of fat and lean tissue
body composition
antrhopometry
measurement of height, weight, and body girths
difference score
difference between athletes score at the beginning and end of a training period
summarizing a large group of data
descriptive statistics
degree of dispersion between scores
variability
common measures of variability?
standard deviation and range
drawing conclusions about a population from information collected from a population sample
inferential statistics
interpretation of the clinical significance of fitness testing
magnitude statistics
statistic that can be useful for calculating group performance
effect size
what is the formula for effect size?
(posttest mean - pretest mean) / SD pretest
what is the most important aspect of a successful warmup?
specificity
what are the basic components of a warm up
general (aerobic)
dynamic stretching
specific
what is the RAMP protocol
raise, activate, mobility and potentiate
degree of movement around a joint
range of motion
range of possible movement around a joint during passive stretching
static flexibility
available ROM during active movements
dynamic flexibility
elasticity
ability to return to original resting length after passive stretching
plasticity
the tendency to assume a new greater length after a passive stretch
what are factors that promote flexibility
stretch tolerance, neural control, resistance training, activity level
what are factors that can hinder flexibility
muscle bulk
what are the two proprioceptors to consider during stretching
muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs
stretch reflex
sensory neuron on muscle spindle innervates a motor neuron in the spine that causes a muscle action of the stretched extrafusal muscle fibers
mechanoreceptor located near musculotendinous junction that is sensitive to increased muscular tension
golgi tendon organ
autogenic inhibition
relaxation that occurs in the same muscle experiencing increased tension
reciprocal inhibition
relaxation occurring in the opposing muscle experiencing increased tension
stretch when a force is supplied by the person stretching
active stretching
stretch when a force is being supplied by another person or a static object
passive stretching
active muscular effort and bouncing type movement
ballistic stretching
PNF involves what types of muscle actions?
isometric and concentric
what type of contraction is used to achieve reciprocal inhibition
agonist contraction
what are the 3 types of PNF stretching techniques?
hold-relax, contract-relax, hold relax with agonist contraction
palms down knuckles up
pronated grip
palms up knuckles down
suponated grip
knuckles point laterally
neutral grip
pronated grip but the thumb is positioned under the index and middle finger
hook grip
how do you determine snatch grip?
fist to opposite shoulder or elbow to elbow method
the most strenuous movement in a repitition
the sticking point
when is it recommended to wear a weight belt
exercises that place stress on the lower back, and during sets involving near maximal load
you should always spot power exercises (T/F)
F - never spot power exercises
anatomical core
axial skeleton and all soft tissues with proximal attachments that originate on the axial skeleton
what is the best way to train the core for sport performance
ground based free weight activities rather than core isolation exercises
resistance training loading method that allows for the speed of the movement or resistance to be controlled through the entire ROM
accommodating resistance
resistance training loading method that is demonstrated by free weight training
constant external resistance
resistance training method that uses the application of chains and rubber bands
variable resistance
trained or stronger individual exhibit what type of bilateral condition?
facilitation
untrained, injured, or weaker individuals exhibit what type of bilateral condition
deficit
