CH7: Age and Sex-Related Differences and Their Implications for Resistance Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

maturation and development in terms of years and months

A

chronological age

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2
Q

skeletal age, somatic (physical) maturity, or sexual maturation

A

biological age

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3
Q

menarche

A

the onset of menstruation

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4
Q

most accurate and reliable form of assessing maturity

A

skeletal age assessment

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5
Q

age at which maximum rate of growth during the pubertal growth spurt

A

peak height velocity

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6
Q

when are youth most at risk of injury?

A

during peak height velocity

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7
Q

birth muscle mass

A

25%

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8
Q

adult muscle mass

A

40%

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9
Q

peak muscle mass in females

A

18-20

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10
Q

peak muscle mass in males

A

18-25

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11
Q

where does the majority of bone formation occur

A

diaphysis (central shaft of a long bone)

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12
Q

what is the secondary site for bone formation

A

growth cartilage

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13
Q

what are the three sites for growth cartilage in a child?

A

epiphyseal (growth plate) , joint surface, apophyseal insertion of muscle tendon units

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14
Q

when do girls typically achieve maturity compared to guys?

A

2-3 years earlier

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15
Q

injury to what may result in permanent growth disturbances?

A

growth cartilage

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16
Q

muscular and broader shoulders

A

mesomorphic

17
Q

rounder and broader hips

A

endomorphic

18
Q

slender and tall

A

ectomorphic

19
Q

is 1RM testing safe in children and adolescence if appropriate testing guidelines are followed?

20
Q

strength relative to muscle cross sectional area has no difference between sexes (T/F)

21
Q

what is a women’s power output relative to total body weight compared to men?

22
Q

what is the female athlete triad

A

energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density

23
Q

amenorrhea

A

the absence of a menstrual cycle for over three months

24
Q

what causes amenorrhea

A

reduced secretion frequency of luteinizing hormone by the pituitary gland

25
what complications arise as a result of amenorrhea
bone stress fracture, endocrine and gastrointestinal complications
26
what sport injury in particular is a key consideration for women?
knee injuries particularly ACL
27
how do most ACL injuries occur in women?
noncontact mechanisms
28
what is the rate of decline in competitive weightlifting performance after the age of 30 in men?
1-1.5% per year until 70
29
osteopenia
bone mineral density between -1 and -2.5
30
sacropenia
loss of muscle mass and strength related to age
31
power recedes at a slower speed than strength with old age (T/F)
F - haven't you heard of old man strength you fool
32
muscle activity before contact with the ground
preactivation
33
muscle activity immediately after contact with the ground
cocontraction
34
what is the recommended recovery between exercise sessions for older adults?
48-72 hours