CH7: Age and Sex-Related Differences and Their Implications for Resistance Exercise

Question 1

maturation and development in terms of years and months

Answer 1

chronological age

Question 2

skeletal age, somatic (physical) maturity, or sexual maturation

Answer 2

biological age

Question 3

menarche

Answer 3

the onset of menstruation

Question 4

most accurate and reliable form of assessing maturity

Answer 4

skeletal age assessment

Question 5

age at which maximum rate of growth during the pubertal growth spurt

Answer 5

peak height velocity

Question 6

when are youth most at risk of injury?

Answer 6

during peak height velocity

Question 7

birth muscle mass

Answer 7

25%

Question 8

adult muscle mass

Answer 8

40%

Question 9

peak muscle mass in females

Answer 9

18-20

Question 10

peak muscle mass in males

Answer 10

18-25

Question 11

where does the majority of bone formation occur

Answer 11

diaphysis (central shaft of a long bone)

Question 12

what is the secondary site for bone formation

Answer 12

growth cartilage

Question 13

what are the three sites for growth cartilage in a child?

Answer 13

epiphyseal (growth plate) , joint surface, apophyseal insertion of muscle tendon units

Question 14

when do girls typically achieve maturity compared to guys?

Answer 14

2-3 years earlier

Question 15

injury to what may result in permanent growth disturbances?

Answer 15

growth cartilage

Question 16

muscular and broader shoulders

Answer 16

mesomorphic

Question 17

rounder and broader hips

Answer 17

endomorphic

Question 18

slender and tall

Answer 18

ectomorphic

Question 19

is 1RM testing safe in children and adolescence if appropriate testing guidelines are followed?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

strength relative to muscle cross sectional area has no difference between sexes (T/F)

Answer 20

T

Question 21

what is a women’s power output relative to total body weight compared to men?

Answer 21

63%

Question 22

what is the female athlete triad

Answer 22

energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density

Question 23

amenorrhea

Answer 23

the absence of a menstrual cycle for over three months

Question 24

what causes amenorrhea

Answer 24

reduced secretion frequency of luteinizing hormone by the pituitary gland

Question 25

what complications arise as a result of amenorrhea

Answer 25

bone stress fracture, endocrine and gastrointestinal complications

Question 26

what sport injury in particular is a key consideration for women?

Answer 26

knee injuries particularly ACL

Question 27

how do most ACL injuries occur in women?

Answer 27

noncontact mechanisms

Question 28

what is the rate of decline in competitive weightlifting performance after the age of 30 in men?

Answer 28

1-1.5% per year until 70

Question 29

osteopenia

Answer 29

bone mineral density between -1 and -2.5

Question 30

sacropenia

Answer 30

loss of muscle mass and strength related to age

Question 31

power recedes at a slower speed than strength with old age (T/F)

Answer 31

F - haven’t you heard of old man strength you fool

Question 32

muscle activity before contact with the ground

Answer 32

preactivation

Question 33

muscle activity immediately after contact with the ground

Answer 33

cocontraction

Question 34

what is the recommended recovery between exercise sessions for older adults?

Answer 34

48-72 hours