Ch4 pt2 Flashcards
Consists of cellular layers on outer surface of cerebral hemispheres; most prominent part of brain, 2 halves
Cerebral cortex
Bundles of axons through which neurons in each hemisphere communicate with neurons in corresponding part of other hemisphere
Corpus callosum & anterior commissure
6 distinct layers of cell bodies that are parallel to surface of cortex & separated from each other by layers of fibers
Laminae
Sends long axons to the spinal cord & other distinct areas & is the thickest in the motor cortex
Lamina V
Receives axons from the various sensory nuclei of the thalamus & is prominent in all the primary sensory areas but absent from the motor cortex
Lamina VI
Located at posterior end of cortex; contains primary visual cortex [if damaged will experience cortical blindness]
Occipital lobe
Lies between occipital lobe & central sulcus; contains postcentral gyrus [touch sensations]
Parietal lobe
- Primary somatsensory cortex
- main target for touch sensations & info from muscle-stretch receptors & joint receptors
- monitor head in relation to body
Postcentral gyrus
- Lateral portion of each hemisphere near the temples
- Primary target for auditory info
- essential for understanding spoken language
- complex aspects of vision; detecting movement & recognizing faces
Temporal lobe
- Extends from central sulcus to anterior limit of brain
- contains primary motor cortex & prefrontal cortex
Frontal lobe
Specialized to control fine movement [primary motor cortex]
Precentral gyrus
-Most anterior portion of frontal lobe
-receives info from all sensory systems, but not primary target for any
[abstract thinking & planning; working memory]
Prefrontal cortex
Surgical disconnection of prefrontal cortex from rest of the brain
Prefrontal lobotomy
People with damage to prefrontal cortex have trouble on the _____, in which they see or hear something, & then have to respond to it after a delay
Delayed-response task
Large-scale integration problem
Binding problem
Occurs if you perceive 2 sensations as happening at the same time, in the same place
Binding
Have trouble locating objects in space & often fail to bind objects
Damage to parietal lobe
Separates parietal lobe & frontal lobe [separate areas along each band receive simultaneous info from different parts of body]
Central sulcus
cells of cortex organized into columns have ___ properties
similar
temporal lobes play part in emotional & motivational behaviors; this disorder is characterized by losing sense of fear
Kluver-bucy syndrome
removal of a brain area
ablation
damage to brain area
lesion
device for precise placement of electrodes in brain
stereotaxic instrument
lesion produced in control group
sham lesion
