Ch4 pt2 Flashcards
Consists of cellular layers on outer surface of cerebral hemispheres; most prominent part of brain, 2 halves
Cerebral cortex
Bundles of axons through which neurons in each hemisphere communicate with neurons in corresponding part of other hemisphere
Corpus callosum & anterior commissure
6 distinct layers of cell bodies that are parallel to surface of cortex & separated from each other by layers of fibers
Laminae
Sends long axons to the spinal cord & other distinct areas & is the thickest in the motor cortex
Lamina V
Receives axons from the various sensory nuclei of the thalamus & is prominent in all the primary sensory areas but absent from the motor cortex
Lamina VI
Located at posterior end of cortex; contains primary visual cortex [if damaged will experience cortical blindness]
Occipital lobe
Lies between occipital lobe & central sulcus; contains postcentral gyrus [touch sensations]
Parietal lobe
- Primary somatsensory cortex
- main target for touch sensations & info from muscle-stretch receptors & joint receptors
- monitor head in relation to body
Postcentral gyrus
- Lateral portion of each hemisphere near the temples
- Primary target for auditory info
- essential for understanding spoken language
- complex aspects of vision; detecting movement & recognizing faces
Temporal lobe
- Extends from central sulcus to anterior limit of brain
- contains primary motor cortex & prefrontal cortex
Frontal lobe
Specialized to control fine movement [primary motor cortex]
Precentral gyrus
-Most anterior portion of frontal lobe
-receives info from all sensory systems, but not primary target for any
[abstract thinking & planning; working memory]
Prefrontal cortex
Surgical disconnection of prefrontal cortex from rest of the brain
Prefrontal lobotomy
People with damage to prefrontal cortex have trouble on the _____, in which they see or hear something, & then have to respond to it after a delay
Delayed-response task
Large-scale integration problem
Binding problem
Occurs if you perceive 2 sensations as happening at the same time, in the same place
Binding
Have trouble locating objects in space & often fail to bind objects
Damage to parietal lobe
Separates parietal lobe & frontal lobe [separate areas along each band receive simultaneous info from different parts of body]
Central sulcus
cells of cortex organized into columns have ___ properties
similar
temporal lobes play part in emotional & motivational behaviors; this disorder is characterized by losing sense of fear
Kluver-bucy syndrome
removal of a brain area
ablation
damage to brain area
lesion
device for precise placement of electrodes in brain
stereotaxic instrument
lesion produced in control group
sham lesion
application of intense magnetic field to a portion of the scalp, which temporarily inactivates neurons below the magnet
transcranial magnetic stimulation
records electrical activity of the brain through electrodes applied to the scalp [evoked responses; event related potentials]
electroencephalograph EEG
measures faint magnetic fields generated by brain activity
Magnetoencephalograph MEG
provides high-resolution activity in a living brain by recording emission of radioactivity from injected chemicals
positron-emission tomography PET
modified version of MRI based on hemoglobin
functional magnetic resonance fMRI
process of relating skull anatomy to behavior
phrenology
method of examining brain anatomy, useful for detecting tumors
computerized axial tomography CAT
method based on the fact that any atom with an odd numbered atomic weight has an axis of rotation
magnetic resonance imaging MRI
