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Physiological Psychology Psy 315 > Ch3 pt1-Concept of the Synapse > Flashcards

Ch3 pt1-Concept of the Synapse Flashcards

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1
Q

communication BETWEEN neurons is primarily…

A

chemical

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2
Q

communication WITHIN neurons is primarily….

A

electrical

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3
Q

specialized gap between neurons

A

synapse

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4
Q

demonstrated communication between one neuron & the next differs from communication along one axon

A

Charles Scott Sherrington

also coined term synapse

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5
Q

automatic muscular responses to stimuli

A

reflexes

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6
Q

circuit from sensory neuron to muscle response

A

reflex arc

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7
Q

Sherrington observed what when studying reflexes on dogs

A

a) reflexes are slower than conduction along axon
b) several weak stimuli presented at slightly different times or slightly different locations produce stronger reflex than single stimulus does
c) when one set of muscles becomes excited, a different set becomes relaxed

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8
Q

speed of conduction through reflex arc was never more than ______ m/sec

A

15

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9
Q

Sherrington validated idea of synapse by

A

concluding some process was slowing conduction through reflex

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10
Q

repeated stimuli within a brief time have a cumulative effect (stronger than single stimuli)

A

temporal summation

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11
Q

cell that RECEIVES message

A

postsynaptic neuron

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12
Q

cell that DELIVERS message

A

pre-synaptic neuron

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13
Q

graded depolarization; occurs when sodium ions enter the cell (decay over space & time; discovered by Eccles)

A

excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

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14
Q

synaptic inputs from various locations combine their effects on a neuron (critical to brain function)

A

spatial summation

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15
Q

temporal summation & spatial summation ordinarily occur together

A

just remember that

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16
Q

flexor muscles

A

contract

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17
Q

extensor muscles

A

extend

18
Q

at inhibitory synapse, input from an axon ______ the postsynaptic cell

A

hyperpolarizes

19
Q

occurs when the synaptic input selectively opens the channel for potassium ions to leave the cell or for chloride ions to enter the cell

  • come from temporary hyperpolarization
  • serves as active “break” away from excitation
A

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

20
Q

importance of Sherrington’s work

A

researchers can show how nervous system is wired & design systems based on this

21
Q

periodic reproduction of action potentials even without synaptic input

A

spontaneous firing rate

22
Q

which 2 individuals were apart of discovering chemical synapses

A

Elliot then Loewi

23
Q

chemicals released by one neuron that affect a second neuron

A

neurotransmitter

24
Q

what are the types of neurotransmitters

A

amino acids, neuropeptides, acetylcholine, monoamines, purines, gases

25
Q

tiny packets that store high concentrations of neurotransmitters

A

vesicles

26
Q

where are most neurotransmitters synthesized

A

presynaptic terminal

27
Q

a neuron synthesizes chemicals it needs from what

A

substances in the diet

28
Q

chemical that breaks down neurotransmitters

A

MAO (monoamine oxidase)

29
Q

release of neurotransmitter in bursts from presynaptic terminal into synaptic cleft

A

exocytosis

30
Q

______ enters the presynaptic terminal and causes exocytosis

A

calcium

31
Q

a neurotransmitter receptor is a ______

A

protein

32
Q

_______ occur at one type of receptor. begin quickly & last for a very brief period of time

A

ionotropic effects

33
Q

______ initiates a series of metabolic reactions; slower & longer lasting

A

metabotropic effects

34
Q

properties that distinguish neuropeptides (neuromodulators) from neurotransmitters

A

need repeated stimulation; released through dendrites, cell body, or axon sides

35
Q

chemicals that are secreted by a gland or other cell & conveyed by the blood to other organs; coordinate long lasting changes

A

hormones

36
Q

glands that produce hormones

A

endocrine glands

37
Q

accumulation of neurotransmitters is broken down by ______ into inactive chemicals that cannot stimulate dopamine receptors

A

COMT

38
Q

detect the amount of neurotransmitter released & inhibit further syntheses & release after it reaches a certain level

A

autoreceptors

39
Q

special-purpose synapses that operate electrically (ex: breathing rhythmically in both lungs)

A

electrical synapses

40
Q

contact between membrane of one neuron with membrane of another

A

gap junction

Physiological Psychology Psy 315 (15 decks)

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