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Physiological Psychology Psy 315 > Ch4 pt1-Anatomy of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Ch4 pt1-Anatomy of the Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

brain & the spinal cord

A

central nervous system (CNS)

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2
Q

nerves outside of the brain & spinal cord that connect them to the rest of the body

A

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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3
Q

part of PNS that consists of axons conveying messages from sense organs to the CNS & from CNS to muscles [voluntary movement, react to touch stimulus]

A

somatic nervous system

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4
Q

controls the heart, intestines, & other organs (involuntary)

A

autonomic nervous system

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5
Q

toward the back

A

dorsal

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6
Q

toward the stomach (front)

A

ventral

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7
Q

toward front of brain

A

anterior

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8
Q

toward back of brain

A

posterior

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9
Q

part of the CNS within the spinal column; communicates with all the sense organs & muscles except those in the head

A

spinal cord

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10
Q

Law that states entering dorsal roots (axon bundles) [receive info from senses] carry sensory info, & exiting ventral roots carry motor info [carry info to muscles]

A

Bell-Magendie law

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11
Q

clusters of neurons outside spinal cord (contain cell bodies of sensory neurons)

A

dorsal root ganglia

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12
Q

_____: neuron cluster OUTSIDE CNS; ____: neuron cluster INSIDE CNS

A

ganglion; nucleus

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13
Q

in center of spinal cord; densely packed with cell bodies & dendrites

A

gray matter

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14
Q

consists mostly of myelinated axons (lighter in color); carry info from gray matter to brain or other areas of spinal cord

A

white matter

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15
Q

counterpart to somatic nervous system [mostly involuntary, automatic responses]

A

autonomic nervous system

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16
Q

network of nerves that prep organs for vigorous activity (exert energy) [fight or flight]

A

sympathetic nervous system

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17
Q

increased breathing & heart rate, decreased digestive activity (part of sympathetic nervous system)

A

fight or flight response

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18
Q

facilitates vegetative, nonemergency responses (conserve energy)

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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19
Q

3 major divisions of the brain

A

hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

20
Q

consists of medulla, pons, & cerebellum (most primitive area)

A

hindbrain

21
Q

consists of medulla, pons, midbrain, & certain central structures of the forebrain

A

brainstem

22
Q

enlarged extension of spinal cord, controls some vital reflexes through cranial nerves (breathing, heart rate, vomiting, salivation, coughing, sneezing)

A

medulla (medulla oblongata)

23
Q

lies anterior & ventral to medulla & contains nuclei for several cranial nerves [location where axons from each half of the brain cross to the opposite side of the spinal cord] (increase arousal & readiness of other parts of brain)

A

pons

24
Q

has ascending(output to cerebral cortex; increase arousal & attention) & descending(control motor areas of spinal cord) portions

A

reticular formation

25
Q

sends axons to much of the forebrain, modifying brain’s readiness to respond to stimuli

A

raphe system

26
Q
  • large hindbrain structure with many deep folds
  • contributes to control of movement, balance, & coordination
  • helps people shift attention back & forth between auditory & visual stimuli
  • sensory timing
A

cerebellum

27
Q

roof of midbrain

A

tectum

28
Q

swellings on each side of tectum (important for sensory processing)

A

superior colliculus [vision] & inferior colliculus [hearing]

29
Q

intermediate level of midbrain (nuclei for 3rd & 4th cranial nerves; extension of pathways between forebrain & spinal cord or hindbrain)

A

tegmentum

30
Q

gives rise to dopamine-containing pathway that facilitates readiness for movement

A

substantia nigra

31
Q

most anterior & most prominent part of mammalian brain (consists of left & right hemispheres; each hemisphere organized to receive sensory info & to control muscles)

A

forebrain

32
Q

outer portion of forebrain [controls motor movement from opposite side of body]

A

cerebral cortex

33
Q

interlinked structures that form border around brainstem (important for motivations & emotions; consists of olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus of cerebral cortex)

A

limbic system

34
Q

consists of thalamus & hypothalamus

A

diencephalon

35
Q

pair of structures in center of forebrain (sensory info is sent here, then processed & sends output to cerebral cortex) (except for smell)

A

thalamus

36
Q

small area near base of brain just ventral to thalamus (related to motivated behaviors [eating, drinking, sexual behavior], alters release of hormones) [when damaged leads to abnormalities in motivated behaviors]

A

hypothalamus

37
Q

endocrine gland attached to base of hypothalamus (releases hormones)

A

pituitary gland

38
Q

group of critical structures lateral to thalamus [caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus; exchange info with cerebral cortex, responsible for planning sequences of behavior & for certain aspects of memory & emotional expression]

A

basal ganglia

39
Q

lie on ventral surface of forebrain (key role in arousal, wakefulness, & attention) [releases acetylcholine to widespread areas in cerebral cortex]

A

basal forebrain

40
Q

large structure between thalamus & cerebral cortex (critical for learning & memory; especially encoding new memories)

A

hippocampus

41
Q

four fluid-filled cavities within brain (filled with cerebrospinal fluid)

A

ventricles

42
Q

membranes that surround brain & spinal cord (only source of pain receptors in brain)

A

meninges

43
Q

cushion brain, source of nutrients, reservoir hormones; created by choroid plexus inside ventricles

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

44
Q

condition in infants caused when flow of CSF is obstructed, accumulating within ventricles or subarachnoid space, increasing pressure on brain – skull bones may spread causing overgrow head

A

hydrocephalus

45
Q

receives input from hypothalamus and basal ganglia and sends axons that release acetylcholine to widespread areas in the cerebral cortex

A

nucleus basalis

46
Q

____ allow medulla to control sensations from the head, muscle movements in head, parasympathetic output to organs

A

cranial nerves

Physiological Psychology Psy 315 (15 decks)

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