ch4 enzymes Flashcards
Enzymes are…?
Biological catalysts, protein in nature
What do enzymes do?
increase rate, biochemical reactions;
by lowering, activation energy, reaction
What changes/remains unchanged about an enzyme after biochemical reactions?
Enzymes, remain chemically unchanged, at end of reaction
What is activation energy?
Minimum amount of energy, attained, reactant particles, chemical reaction, occur
Here we use chemical because it is a broad term also used in chem
What are the steps of the Lock and Key Hypothesis?
- enzyme like lock, substrate like key
- Shape, substrate, complementary,
- shape, active site enzyme, substrate can, fit into, active site, enzyme,
- form enzyme-substrate complex
- enzyme catalyses, reaction, by lowering the activation energy required for biochemical reaction
- enzymes specific in action
Hint: w/o lock and key!
Describe what happens during an enzymatic reaction.
- substrate, shape complementary shape active site enzyme
- substrate binds active site enzyme form, enzyme-substrate complex
- enzyme lower activation energy biochemical reaction increase rate biochemical reaction
- products formed released out of active site of enzyme;
- enzyme remain chemically unchanged after chemical reaction
- free bind other substrates
When the temperature is low, what happens to the rate of enzyme-catalysed biochemical reactions?
Temperature, low, rate of enzyme-catalysed biochemical reactions, decreases, enzymes, inactive
As temperature increases from 10 degrees Celcius to 37 degrees Celcius, what happens to the enzyme-catalysed biochemical reactions? Why???
Wat happen
temp increase, 10 deg -> 37 deg celcius, rate enzyme-catalysed biochemical reactions, increases gradually
WHY???
Temp increases, kinetic energy, enzyme, substrate increases;
Rate, effective collision increases,
formation, enzyme-substrate complex increases
If Data given on increase of rate, quote the data.
starch breakdown process
starch -(amylase)-> maltose -(maltase)-> glucose
What happens as temperature increases from 50 deg celcius to 100 deg celcius? Why?
WHAT HAPPENS
Temperature increases, optimum temperature 50 deg, -> 100 deg,
Rate, enzymatic-catalysed biochemical reactions decreases sharply zero
WHY???
high heat energy, disrupted intramolecular bonds, enzyme
change shape active site enzyme;
enzyme, denatured
** substrate, no longer fits in, active site enzyme**
What happens when the pH level of solution that the enzymes are in drops to extreme acidic conditions? Why?
enzyme denaturation
- pH decreases from pH () → pH (), rate of enzyme-catalysed biochemical reactions decreases sharply → zero
- extreme low pH disrupts enzyme intramolecular bonds,
- causing shape of enzyme’s active site, change,
- substrate no longer able fit into enzyme’s active site, no longer able to form enzyme-substrate complex
What happens when the pH level of solution that the enzymes are in rises to extreme alkaline conditions? Why?
Wat happen
pH level, increases, pH() to pH(), rate of enzyme-catalysed biochemical reactions, decreases sharply to zero
WHY???
extreme high pH, disrupted intramolecular bonds, enzyme
change in shape of active site of enzyme;
enzyme is denatured
substrate, no longer fits in, active site of enzyme
carbohydrates vs fat
ratio of elements
carbo
H:O
2:1
fat
H:O random
