ch2 movement of subst@nces

Question 1

osmosis definition

Answer 1

net movement, water molecules
region, higher water potential -> region, lower water potential, thru partially permeable membrane

that 1 video about randomness of movement of particles

no partially permeable membrane = no osmosis

Question 2

diffusion definition

Answer 2

net movement, particles
region of higher concentration -> lower concentration

Question 3

active transport definition

Answer 3

movement, particles
region, lower concentration -> higher concentration

with assistance, transport protein, requires cellular energy

Question 4

Diffusion Format

Answer 4

Comparison of Conc - Declare Higher Conc
1. There is a higher concentration of (name of substance) (type of particles: atoms / molecules
/ ions) in the (mixture 1) than (mixture 2)

Declare (type of particle) location movement
2. Therefore, (name of substance) (type of particles) moved from
(location of mixture 1) to (location of mixture 2) by diffusion

Be Specific and Contextualize

Example:
Declaring Conc. Gradient
1. There is a higher concentration of oxygen molecules in the inhaled air than in the bloodstream.

Declaring Molecules of Oxygen Movement
2 Therefore, oxygen molecules move from the alveolus of the lungs into the blood capillaries by diffusion

Question 5

Active Transport Format

Answer 5

Comparison of Conc - Declare Lower Conc
1. There is a lower concentration of (name of substance) (type of particles: atoms / molecules /
ions) in the (mixture 1) than (mixture 2)

Declare Movement, no need to declare the transport protein used unless otherwise stated by qn
2. Therefore, (name of substance) (type of particles: atoms / molecules / ions) were absorbed
from (location of mixture 1) to (location of mixture 2) by active transport

For example,
1. There is a lower concentration of magnesium ions in the groundwater than in cell sap of the
root hair cells.
2. Therefore, magnesium ions were absorbed from the groundwater into the root hair cells by
active transport.

Question 6

Effects of osmosis on turgid plant cell

Answer 6

Declare Water Potential
Solution, higher water potential than cell sap, plant cell;

Declare Movement of Water Molecules
Water molecules, enters from solution to plant cell through the partially permeable membrane of the plant cell (adapted from Diffusion format)

Declare effect of movement of water molecules on turgid plant cell
Vacuole increases, size, pushes cell contents against cell wall;
strong cell wall, prevents cell from bursting

Cell is turgid.

Question 7

Effects of osmosis on flaccid/plasmolysed plant cell

Answer 7

Declare Water Potential
Solution, lower water potential, cell sap, plant cell

Declare movements of water molecules
Water molecules leaves from cell sap in cell, solution, through partially permeable cell surface membrane

Declare effect of movement of water molecules
Phase 1: Flaccid
Vacuole smoller size, cell -> flaccid
Phase 2: Plasmolysis
prolonged immersion soln., excessive loss water, cytoplasm shrink away, tear from cell wall, plasmolysed

Question 8

Effects of osmosis on swell and burst animal cell

Answer 8

Declare Water Potential
solution, higher water potential, than cytoplasm of cell

Declare Movements of Water Molecules
Water molecules, enters from solution, to animal cell, through partially permeable cell surface membrane

Declare Effect of Movements of Water Molecules on Animal Cell
swells and bursts

Question 9

Effects of osmosis on crenated animal cell

Answer 9

Declare water potential
solution, lower water potential, than cytoplasm of cell
Declare movement of water molecules
Water molecules leaves from, cytoplasm of cell, to solution, through the partially permeable cell surface membrane
Declare effect of movements of water molecules on the cell
shrinks and crenates

Question 10

Turgid Drawing

Answer 10

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LQacTU0A416kWYxp3Du0-mVf9HBosNswJ_jQ2zTk5X0/edit

Page 4 Turgid Drawing

Question 11

Flaccid
Plasmolysed
Drawing

Answer 11

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LQacTU0A416kWYxp3Du0-mVf9HBosNswJ_jQ2zTk5X0/edit
Page 5 Flaccid + Plasmolysed Drawing

Question 12

Passive processes of movement of substances

Answer 12

Diffusion and Osmosis

Question 13

Which movement of subst@nces require partially permeable membrane?

Answer 13

osmosis

Question 14

Which movement of substances occur in living cells only?

Answer 14

active transport

• NEED LIVING MEMBRANE w/ TRANSPORT PROTEIN

Question 15

Describe the direction of movement of substances for:
- Osmosis
- Diffusion
- Active transport

Answer 15

Osmosis:
Down the water potential gradient
Diffusion:
Down the concentration gradient
Active Transport:
Against the concentration gradient

Question 16

Which nutrients move into cells through partially permeable cell surface membranes by active transport?

Answer 16

Glucose and animo acids

Question 17

Swell and Burst drawing

Answer 17

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LQacTU0A416kWYxp3Du0-mVf9HBosNswJ_jQ2zTk5X0/edit
Page 6, Swell and Burst