ch2 movement of subst@nces Flashcards
osmosis definition
net movement, water molecules
region, higher water potential -> region, lower water potential, thru partially permeable membrane
that 1 video about randomness of movement of particles
no partially permeable membrane = no osmosis
diffusion definition
net movement, particles
region of higher concentration -> lower concentration
active transport definition
movement, particles
region, lower concentration -> higher concentration
with assistance, transport protein, requires cellular energy
Diffusion Format
Comparison of Conc - Declare Higher Conc
1. There is a higher concentration of (name of substance) (type of particles: atoms / molecules
/ ions) in the (mixture 1) than (mixture 2)
Declare (type of particle) location movement
2. Therefore, (name of substance) (type of particles) moved from
(location of mixture 1) to (location of mixture 2) by diffusion
Be Specific and Contextualize
Example:
Declaring Conc. Gradient
1. There is a higher concentration of oxygen molecules in the inhaled air than in the bloodstream.
Declaring Molecules of Oxygen Movement
2 Therefore, oxygen molecules move from the alveolus of the lungs into the blood capillaries by diffusion
Active Transport Format
Comparison of Conc - Declare Lower Conc
1. There is a lower concentration of (name of substance) (type of particles: atoms / molecules /
ions) in the (mixture 1) than (mixture 2)
Declare Movement, no need to declare the transport protein used unless otherwise stated by qn
2. Therefore, (name of substance) (type of particles: atoms / molecules / ions) were absorbed
from (location of mixture 1) to (location of mixture 2) by active transport
For example,
1. There is a lower concentration of magnesium ions in the groundwater than in cell sap of the
root hair cells.
2. Therefore, magnesium ions were absorbed from the groundwater into the root hair cells by
active transport.
Effects of osmosis on turgid plant cell
Declare Water Potential
Solution, higher water potential than cell sap, plant cell;
Declare Movement of Water Molecules
Water molecules, enters from solution to plant cell through the partially permeable membrane of the plant cell (adapted from Diffusion format)
Declare effect of movement of water molecules on turgid plant cell
Vacuole increases, size, pushes cell contents against cell wall;
strong cell wall, prevents cell from bursting
Cell is turgid.
Effects of osmosis on flaccid/plasmolysed plant cell
Declare Water Potential
Solution, lower water potential, cell sap, plant cell
Declare movements of water molecules
Water molecules leaves from cell sap in cell, solution, through partially permeable cell surface membrane
Declare effect of movement of water molecules
Phase 1: Flaccid
Vacuole smoller size, cell -> flaccid
Phase 2: Plasmolysis
prolonged immersion soln., excessive loss water, cytoplasm shrink away, tear from cell wall, plasmolysed
Effects of osmosis on swell and burst animal cell
Declare Water Potential
solution, higher water potential, than cytoplasm of cell
Declare Movements of Water Molecules
Water molecules, enters from solution, to animal cell, through partially permeable cell surface membrane
Declare Effect of Movements of Water Molecules on Animal Cell
swells and bursts
Effects of osmosis on crenated animal cell
Declare water potential
solution, lower water potential, than cytoplasm of cell
Declare movement of water molecules
Water molecules leaves from, cytoplasm of cell, to solution, through the partially permeable cell surface membrane
Declare effect of movements of water molecules on the cell
shrinks and crenates
Turgid Drawing
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LQacTU0A416kWYxp3Du0-mVf9HBosNswJ_jQ2zTk5X0/edit
Page 4 Turgid Drawing
Flaccid
Plasmolysed
Drawing
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LQacTU0A416kWYxp3Du0-mVf9HBosNswJ_jQ2zTk5X0/edit
Page 5 Flaccid + Plasmolysed Drawing
Passive processes of movement of substances
Diffusion and Osmosis
Which movement of subst@nces require partially permeable membrane?
osmosis
Which movement of substances occur in living cells only?
active transport
- NEED LIVING MEMBRANE w/ TRANSPORT PROTEIN
Osmosis
Diffusion
Active transport
Direction, movement of subst@nces
Osmosis:
Down the water potential gradient
Diffusion:
Down the concentration gradient
Active Transport:
Against the concentration gradient
Which nutrients move into cells through partially permeable cell surface membranes by active transport?
Glucose and animo acids
Swell and Burst drawing
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LQacTU0A416kWYxp3Du0-mVf9HBosNswJ_jQ2zTk5X0/edit
Page 6, Swell and Burst
