ch15

Question 1

population

Answer 1

group of organisms
same species
living, particular habitat

Question 2

habitat

Answer 2

location, organism live, reproduce

Question 3

community

Answer 3

all populations, organisms
living, interacting w/ one another
within particular habitat

Question 4

abiotic env

Answer 4

phys conditions affect habitat, community

i.e. pH

Question 5

ecosystem

Answer 5

all populations, comm.
interact w/ one another, w/ abiotic env

Question 6

non cyclical/linear nature of
energy flow

Answer 6

1. Sun radiate light energy
2. producers **i.e. plants absorb light energy,
   undergo photosynthesis, produce glucose
3. convert light energy -> chem potential energy, stored, glucose**
4. energy, producers, passed from one trophic lvl -> next via feeding
5. every trophic lvl, energy lost -> env as heat, cannot be used do work
6. flow of energy non-cyclical/linear

bolded part varied to fit diff producers.

Question 7

producers

Answer 7

1. base of all food chain
2. autotrophic organisms, absorb energy, env
3. use energy synthesis organic nutrients from inorganic raw materials
4. convert absorbed energy -> chem potential energy stored in nutrient

Question 8

consumers

Answer 8

1. heterotrophic organism
2. obtain organic nutrients, energy from feeding, other organisms

Question 9

example of primary consumer/herbivore

Answer 9

caterpillar obtain starch, grazing on grass
energy from grass

obtain energy from grass

Question 10

consumers types

Answer 10

herbivore, ALL PRIMARY CONSUMERS
- feed on plant -> organic nutrients, energy

carnivore, SECONDARY CONSUMER OR HIGHER TROPHIC
- animal, feed on other animal -> organic nutrients, energy

Question 11

example of secondary consumer/carnivore

Answer 11

ladybirds
feed, aphids
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, energy

Question 12

decomposer

Answer 12

• heterotrophic organism -> organic nutrients,
• energy, from feeding on/metabolising dead organisms/faecal matter
• allows cycling of material, release co2 back into air, mineral salts like nitrates, magnesium -> soil/air

Question 13

food chain

Answer 13

linear sequence
illustrate feeding relationship
flow of materials, energy from 1 trophic lvl -> another

grass -> aphid -> spider -> bird

Question 14

trophic level

Answer 14

position, population of organisms occupies, food chain

Question 15

food web

Answer 15

2 or more food chain
interlinked
relationship btwn food chains

Question 16

how energy lost btwn trophic lvls, food chain

Answer 16

1. approx 10% energy passes from one trophic lvl -> other
2. 90% lost
   - heat energy, respiration, lost, body heat
   - uneaten material, bones
   - undigested material, cellulose, egested
   - molecules, metabolic waste products excreted
   - muscular contractions/active transport
3. food chains usually short, not enf energy, sustain higher trophic lvls

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