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Neville and Damm > Ch2 - Abnormalities of Teeth 1 > Flashcards

Ch2 - Abnormalities of Teeth 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which tooth abnormality is a quantitative defect and occurs in the form of pits, grooves, or larger areas of missing enamel?

A

Enamel hypoplasia

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2
Q

Which tooth abnormalities are qualitative defect that may be diffuse or demarcated and appear as variations in the translucency of the enamel. The affected enamel is of NORMAL thickness.

A

Enamel opacities

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3
Q

Which tooth abnormalities show areas of decreased

translucence, increased opacity, and a sharp boundary with the adjacent enamel?

A

Demarcated opacities of enamel

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4
Q

What is the normal time frame for development of the deciduous teeth?

A

14th week in utero to 12 months of age

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5
Q

What is the normal time frame for development of the permanent teeth?

A

6 months to 15 years

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6
Q

Which teeth are likely to show horizontal rows of pits and diminished enamel as a result of systemic influences (e.g. exanthematous fever) in the FIRST 2 years of life?

A

anterior teeth and first molars

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7
Q

Which teeth are likely to show horizontal rows of pits and diminished enamel as a result of systemic influences (e.g. exanthematous fever) around 4-5 years of life?

A

cuspids, bicuspids, and second molars

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8
Q

What is the term for a permanent tooth that has an enamel defect as a result of periapical inflammatory disease of the overlying deciduous tooth?

A

Turner tooth

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9
Q

Which tooth is most commonly affected as a Turner tooth?

A

Permanent bicuspid (due to proximity of primary molar)

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10
Q

Trauma can cause displacement of the already formed hard-tooth substance in relation to the soft tissue of the remaining developing tooth resulting in a bend of the tooth known as ________

A

dilaceration

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11
Q

Term for hypomineralization of one to four permanent first molars, although the incisors also are affected frequently?

A

molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH)

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12
Q

molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) can be caused by many factors, but which pollutant as been associated with causing this in long duration breast feeding?

A

dioxin (waste incineration, paper and pesticide manufacturing - levels have gone down)

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13
Q

Doses as low as ____ Gy are associated with mild developmental defects in both enamel and dentin.

A

0.72 Gy

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14
Q

Fluoride appears to create enamel defects through retention of the ________ proteins in the enamel structure.

A

amelogenin

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15
Q

In the past, areas of moderate-to-severe enamel fluorosis were termed _______

A

mottled enamel

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16
Q

In 2011, the US Department of Health and Human Services recommended a nationwide standardized level of ___ ppm of fluoride.

A

0.7 ppm

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17
Q

The crowns of the maxillary central incisors are the most cosmetically important and demonstrate completion of their development by age ___. Therefore, close monitoring of all sources of fluoride intake during this time is recommended strongly.

A

3

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18
Q

A significant reduction in dental fluorosis can be seen if brushing with fluoride toothpaste does not start until after ______ of age.

A

12 months

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19
Q

Anterior teeth altered by syphilis are termed ________

A

Hutchinson incisors

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20
Q

Hutchinson incisors and exhibit crowns that are shaped like _______

A

straight-edge screwdrivers with the greatest circumference present in the middle one-third of the crown and a constricted incisal edge

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21
Q

Altered posterior teeth by syphilis are termed ______

A

mulberry molars

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22
Q

When tooth wear is accelerated by chewing an abrasive substance between opposing teeth, the process has been termed ________ and exhibits features of both attrition and abrasion.

A

demastication

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23
Q

What is the term for erosion from dental exposure to gastric secretions?

A

perimolysis

24
Q

What is the range of remineralization time necessary to completely reharden enamel softened by acid exposure?

A

1 to 6 hours

25
Q

What is the most common cause of internal resorption?

A

injury to pulpal tissues (physical trauma or caries-related pulpitis)

26
Q

External resorption: 5.6-fold increase in root resorption during orthodontics in patients demonstrating homozygosity for the ______ allele

A

interleukin-1 beta (IL-1B)

27
Q

What is the term for inflammatory internal resorption that has affected the coronal pulp?

A

pink tooth of Mummery

28
Q

What is the type of internal resorption that yields a less organized radiographic pattern compared to inflammatory internal resorption?

A

metaplastic or replacement resorption

29
Q

What is the radiographic buzzword for external resorption?

A

“moth-eaten”

30
Q

What is the term for external resorption that mimics a pink tooth of mummery?

A

invasive cervical resorption

31
Q

What is the term for the external resorption of several teeth without explaination?

A

multiple idiopathic root resorption

32
Q

black-brown stains are secondary to the formation of ferric sulfide from an interaction between bacterial _______ and iron in the saliva or gingival crevicular fluid

A

bacterial hydrogen sulfide

33
Q

Where is the most common location for stains caused by smoking (MJ or cigs)?

A

lingual mand ant incisors

34
Q

The green discoloration associated with chromogenic
bacteria can resemble the pattern of green staining seen secondary to _________… The color results
from the breakdown of hemoglobin into green _______

A

gingival hemorrhage….biliverdin

35
Q

What are the two most common dentifrices to cause extrinsic staining?

A

stannous fluoride and chlorhexidine

36
Q

What % concentration of stannous fluoride is said to cause staining? What does the tin combine with to cause the color? What color is it?

A

8%…tin + bacterial sulfides…black

37
Q

What colors are associated with chlorhexidine staining?

A

yellow-brown

38
Q

What is the alternate name for Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria?

A

Gunther disease

39
Q

What is the inheritence pattern for Gunther disease?

A

AR

40
Q

Define Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (Gunther)

A

AR disorder resulting in increased synthesis and excretion of porphyrins

41
Q

What can be used to highlight a red fluorescent pattern in Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (Gunther)?

A

Wood’s UV light

42
Q

Which teeth in Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (Gunther) have a stronger red-brown appearance: deciduous or permanent?

A

deciduous = more porphyrin deposition in ENAMEL and dentin (vs permanent that only has deposition in dentin)

43
Q

Besides the teeth what else might have a red-brown color and is typically the first sign of Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (Gunther)?

A

urine - seen w Wood’s UV light…

44
Q

Which disorder is associated with blue-black discoloration termed ochronosis that occurs in connective tissue, tendons, and cartilage?

A

alkaptonuria

45
Q

What is the inheritence pattern of alkaptonuria? What colors are the teeth?

A

AR–blue/black

46
Q

Rarely, what color of the dentition is associated with a pt affected with Parkinsons?

A

blue

47
Q

What is the term for a green discoloration of the tooth?

A

Chlorodontia

48
Q

What is the key byproduct from hyperbilirubinemia that causes chlorodontia?

A

biliverdin (the breakdown product of bilirubin that causes jaundice)

49
Q

Most cases of teeth affected by hyperbilirubinemia are deciduous and they were affected during which period of life?

A

neonatal

50
Q

What are the two most common causes of hyperbilirubinemia leading to chlorodontia?

A

Erythrobastosis fetalis and biliary atresia

51
Q

A yellow discoloration following trauma to a tooth is indicative of pulpal obliteration and is termed ?

A

Calcific metamorphosis

52
Q

Which infection is associated with pink/red teeth?

A

lepromatous leprosy

53
Q

What is the most infamous systemic medication to cause tooth discoloration, what color is seen with and without UV light?

A

tetracycline… normal light: bright yellow to dark brown. W UV light: bright yellow fluorescence

54
Q

Since tetracycline can cross the placenta, it should be avoided during pregnancy and up to what age in the child?

A

8 years

55
Q

Which systemic drug is associated with significant blue-black discoloraition of the teeth, even after development? What 2 conditions are this med most known for?

A

minocycline…acne and RA

56
Q

One to add to the palatal pigmentation differential: what drug can cause the bone to turn black, thus creating a blue-gray appearance of the overlying mucosa?

A

minocycline

57
Q

What is the drug given for inflants with Klebsiella infections that can cause a greenish discoloration?

A

ciprofloxacin

Neville and Damm (72 decks)

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