Ch2 - Abnormalities of Teeth 1 Flashcards
Which tooth abnormality is a quantitative defect and occurs in the form of pits, grooves, or larger areas of missing enamel?
Enamel hypoplasia
Which tooth abnormalities are qualitative defect that may be diffuse or demarcated and appear as variations in the translucency of the enamel. The affected enamel is of NORMAL thickness.
Enamel opacities
Which tooth abnormalities show areas of decreased
translucence, increased opacity, and a sharp boundary with the adjacent enamel?
Demarcated opacities of enamel
What is the normal time frame for development of the deciduous teeth?
14th week in utero to 12 months of age
What is the normal time frame for development of the permanent teeth?
6 months to 15 years
Which teeth are likely to show horizontal rows of pits and diminished enamel as a result of systemic influences (e.g. exanthematous fever) in the FIRST 2 years of life?
anterior teeth and first molars
Which teeth are likely to show horizontal rows of pits and diminished enamel as a result of systemic influences (e.g. exanthematous fever) around 4-5 years of life?
cuspids, bicuspids, and second molars
What is the term for a permanent tooth that has an enamel defect as a result of periapical inflammatory disease of the overlying deciduous tooth?
Turner tooth
Which tooth is most commonly affected as a Turner tooth?
Permanent bicuspid (due to proximity of primary molar)
Trauma can cause displacement of the already formed hard-tooth substance in relation to the soft tissue of the remaining developing tooth resulting in a bend of the tooth known as ________
dilaceration
Term for hypomineralization of one to four permanent first molars, although the incisors also are affected frequently?
molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH)
molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) can be caused by many factors, but which pollutant as been associated with causing this in long duration breast feeding?
dioxin (waste incineration, paper and pesticide manufacturing - levels have gone down)
Doses as low as ____ Gy are associated with mild developmental defects in both enamel and dentin.
0.72 Gy
Fluoride appears to create enamel defects through retention of the ________ proteins in the enamel structure.
amelogenin
In the past, areas of moderate-to-severe enamel fluorosis were termed _______
mottled enamel
In 2011, the US Department of Health and Human Services recommended a nationwide standardized level of ___ ppm of fluoride.
0.7 ppm
The crowns of the maxillary central incisors are the most cosmetically important and demonstrate completion of their development by age ___. Therefore, close monitoring of all sources of fluoride intake during this time is recommended strongly.
3
A significant reduction in dental fluorosis can be seen if brushing with fluoride toothpaste does not start until after ______ of age.
12 months
Anterior teeth altered by syphilis are termed ________
Hutchinson incisors
Hutchinson incisors and exhibit crowns that are shaped like _______
straight-edge screwdrivers with the greatest circumference present in the middle one-third of the crown and a constricted incisal edge
Altered posterior teeth by syphilis are termed ______
mulberry molars
When tooth wear is accelerated by chewing an abrasive substance between opposing teeth, the process has been termed ________ and exhibits features of both attrition and abrasion.
demastication
What is the term for erosion from dental exposure to gastric secretions?
perimolysis
What is the range of remineralization time necessary to completely reharden enamel softened by acid exposure?
1 to 6 hours
What is the most common cause of internal resorption?
injury to pulpal tissues (physical trauma or caries-related pulpitis)
External resorption: 5.6-fold increase in root resorption during orthodontics in patients demonstrating homozygosity for the ______ allele
interleukin-1 beta (IL-1B)
What is the term for inflammatory internal resorption that has affected the coronal pulp?
pink tooth of Mummery
What is the type of internal resorption that yields a less organized radiographic pattern compared to inflammatory internal resorption?
metaplastic or replacement resorption
What is the radiographic buzzword for external resorption?
“moth-eaten”
What is the term for external resorption that mimics a pink tooth of mummery?
invasive cervical resorption
What is the term for the external resorption of several teeth without explaination?
multiple idiopathic root resorption
black-brown stains are secondary to the formation of ferric sulfide from an interaction between bacterial _______ and iron in the saliva or gingival crevicular fluid
bacterial hydrogen sulfide
Where is the most common location for stains caused by smoking (MJ or cigs)?
lingual mand ant incisors
The green discoloration associated with chromogenic
bacteria can resemble the pattern of green staining seen secondary to _________… The color results
from the breakdown of hemoglobin into green _______
gingival hemorrhage….biliverdin
What are the two most common dentifrices to cause extrinsic staining?
stannous fluoride and chlorhexidine
What % concentration of stannous fluoride is said to cause staining? What does the tin combine with to cause the color? What color is it?
8%…tin + bacterial sulfides…black
What colors are associated with chlorhexidine staining?
yellow-brown
What is the alternate name for Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria?
Gunther disease
What is the inheritence pattern for Gunther disease?
AR
Define Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (Gunther)
AR disorder resulting in increased synthesis and excretion of porphyrins
What can be used to highlight a red fluorescent pattern in Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (Gunther)?
Wood’s UV light
Which teeth in Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (Gunther) have a stronger red-brown appearance: deciduous or permanent?
deciduous = more porphyrin deposition in ENAMEL and dentin (vs permanent that only has deposition in dentin)
Besides the teeth what else might have a red-brown color and is typically the first sign of Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (Gunther)?
urine - seen w Wood’s UV light…
Which disorder is associated with blue-black discoloration termed ochronosis that occurs in connective tissue, tendons, and cartilage?
alkaptonuria
What is the inheritence pattern of alkaptonuria? What colors are the teeth?
AR–blue/black
Rarely, what color of the dentition is associated with a pt affected with Parkinsons?
blue
What is the term for a green discoloration of the tooth?
Chlorodontia
What is the key byproduct from hyperbilirubinemia that causes chlorodontia?
biliverdin (the breakdown product of bilirubin that causes jaundice)
Most cases of teeth affected by hyperbilirubinemia are deciduous and they were affected during which period of life?
neonatal
What are the two most common causes of hyperbilirubinemia leading to chlorodontia?
Erythrobastosis fetalis and biliary atresia
A yellow discoloration following trauma to a tooth is indicative of pulpal obliteration and is termed ?
Calcific metamorphosis
Which infection is associated with pink/red teeth?
lepromatous leprosy
What is the most infamous systemic medication to cause tooth discoloration, what color is seen with and without UV light?
tetracycline… normal light: bright yellow to dark brown. W UV light: bright yellow fluorescence
Since tetracycline can cross the placenta, it should be avoided during pregnancy and up to what age in the child?
8 years
Which systemic drug is associated with significant blue-black discoloraition of the teeth, even after development? What 2 conditions are this med most known for?
minocycline…acne and RA
One to add to the palatal pigmentation differential: what drug can cause the bone to turn black, thus creating a blue-gray appearance of the overlying mucosa?
minocycline
What is the drug given for inflants with Klebsiella infections that can cause a greenish discoloration?
ciprofloxacin
