Ch 1 - Developmental Defects 3 Flashcards
What are three syndromes assoicated with congenital condylar hypoplasia?
- Mandibulofacial dysostosis
- Oculoauriculovertebral syndrome (Goldenhar syndrome)
- Hemifacial microsomia
What is the most frequent cause of acquired condylar hypoplasia?
trauma during childhood or infancy (infections, radiation therapy, rheumatoid/degen arthritis too)
Condylar hypoplasia: The mandibular midline shifts to the which side when the mouth is opened?
the involved side
Most bifid condyles have a ______ and ______ head divided by an anteroposterior groove. Whats the most common cause?
medial and lateral…trauma
What is the prevalence of buccal exostoses?
up to 19%!
LOL: what is the % range for prevalence of palatal tori?
8-69% (nice big ass range)
What is the term for an exostosis that develops from
the alveolar crestal bone beneath the pontic of a posterior bridge?
reactive subpontine exostosis (subpontic osseous proliferation, subpontic osseous hyperplasia)
_________ is a common exostosis that occurs in
the MIDLINE of the vault of the hard palate.
torus palatinus
What are the 4 morphologic types of palatal tori?
- Flat 2.Spindle 3.Nodular 4.lobular
What is the (massive) % range for patients with palatal tori? What two populations have a higher prevalence? Gender predilection?
9-60%…Asian / Inuit….Female 2:1
What % of mandibular tori are bilateral?
90%
What is more common torus palatinus or mandibularis?
Palatinus (up to 69%) (Vs mand up to 40%)
What is the gender predilection for torus mandibularis?
male (as opposed to female for palatinus)
Jesus: what are the 3 alternate names for Eagle syndrome?
- Stylohyoid syndrome
- Carotid artery syndrome
- Stylalgia
What is the prevalence of eagle syndrome?
18-84% lol
Gender for eagle syn?
female
What is the classic inciting event for eagle syndrome?
tonsillectomy
What are the 2 terms for eagle syndrome NOT related to a tonsillectomy?
carotid artery syndrome or stylohyoid syndrome
What is the term for when a mineralized stylohyoid ligament is fractured?
traumatic eagle syndrome
LOL: what are the 6 alternate names for a stafne defect?
- Stafne bone cyst
- Lingual mandibular salivary gland depression
- Latent bone cyst
- Static bone cyst
- Static bone defect
- Lingual cortical mandibular defect
Where does a stafne defect occur in relation to the IA canal?
BELOW
What is the gender predilection for Stafne defect?
80-90% MALE
What is the prevalence of Stafne defect?
up to 0.48%
What are the two alternate names for palatal cysts of the newborn?
- Epstein’s pearls
2. Bohn’s nodules
What are the two theories for the development of palatal cysts of the newborn? Which alternate name is associated with which theory?
- entrapped epithelial islands on midline hard palate = Epstein’s pearls
- remnants of minor salivary glands on hard and soft palate = Bohn’s nodules
All this is really an academic exercise - clinically they can just be called palatal cysts of newborn
What is the % range for neonates that have palatal cysts of the newborn?
55-85%
What are the two alternate terms for a nasolabial cyst?
- Nasoalveolar cyst
2. Klestadt cyst
What is the peak age range for nasolabial cyst? Gender predilection?
4th-5th decades…Female 3:1
What is the reason why “globulomaxillary cyst” has been discreditied?
it was thought to be a fissural cyst, but the globular portion of the medial nasal process is primarily united with the maxillary process and a fusion does not occur….
also: Virtually all cysts in the globulomaxillary region (between the lateral incisor and canine teeth) can be explained on an odontogenic basis.
Where is the globulomaxillary region?
between the lateral incisor and the canine
What is the most common NON-ODONTOGENIC cyst in the oral cavity?
Nasopalatine duct cyst
What is the alternate name for the nasopalatine duct cyst?
Incisive canal cyst
What is the term for the two smaller foramina carrying the nasopalatine nerves that are sometimes seen in the incisive foramen?
Canals of Scarpa
What is the term for the vestigial organ located in the vomernasal region that the nasopalatine duct can communicate with to create an accessory olfactory organ?
organ of Jacobson
Nasopalatine duct cyst age range? Gender?
4th-6th decades…Male
What are two discriptions for the radiographic shape of a nasopalatine duct cyst?
pear or heart shaped RL
What is the radiographic size cut off to determine a nasopalatine duct cyst from just a large incisive canal?
6mm
What is the term for a nasopalatine duct cyst that is soft tissue only?
cyst of the incisive papilla
What is the characteristic color of a cyst of the incisive papilla?
bluish
While nasopalatine duct cysts can have variation in the lining, what is the most common lining seen?
stratified squamous
What are 3 other histologic components of a nasopalatine duct cyst that help make the diagnosis? (besides epi lining and location)
- blood vessels 2. nerve bundles 3. minor salivary glands
Most “_______” cysts may represent
posteriorly positioned nasopalatine duct cysts.
median palatal cysts
What is the age group for median palatal cysts?
young adults
What are the 6 diagnostic criteria for a median palatal cyst?
- midline hard palate
- posterior to palatine papilla
- Radio: ovioid / circular
- Not assoc with non-vital tooth
- No communication with incisive canal
- No micro of naospalatine duct cyst (neuro/vasc/glands)
What is the typical type of epithelial lining seen in a median palatal cyst?
stratified squamous (can see pseudostrat w cilia and goblet cells tho)
Why is the term “median mandibular cyst” not used any more? What are most of these cysts now called?
Thought to be a “fusion” cyst, but the mandible does not fuse during development…likely a GOC
What is the term for a cyst arising from the follicular infundibulum?
Epidermoid cyst (infundibular cyst)
Where is the most common location for a “true” epidermoid cyst?
midline floor of mouth
True epidermoid cysts are thought to be a minimal manifestation of what of cyst spectrum?
teratoma-dermoid cyst-epidermoid cyst spectrum
Epidermoid cysts are unusual before pooberty, except for a patient with what syndrome?
Gardner syndrome
Gender for epidermoid cyst?
male
What is an alternate term for a pilar cyst? Gender?
trichilemmal cyst …. female 2x
What is the term for multiple, tiny keratin-filled cysts that resemble miniature epidermoid cysts?
milia
Where do primary milia come from?
the sebaceous collar of vellus hairs
Where do secondary milia come from? (3 sites)
- eccrine ducts
- hair follicles
- overlying epidermis
What is one possible difference between the lining of an epidermoid cyst and the lining of a pilar cyst?
epidermoid = granular layer…pilar = no granular layer
What is the alternate name for a dermoid cyst?
Dysontogenic cyst (dysontogenic = defective embryologic development)
A dermoid cyst is generally classified as a benign cystic form of _______
a teratoma
In addition to the epidermis-like cyst lining of a dermoid cyst, what else is present?
dermal adnexal structures in the cyst wall
Complex teratomas of the oral cavity are rare. When they occur, they usually extend through a _______ from the pituitary area via _________.
cleft palate……Rathke’s pouch (Rathke’s pouch is a diverticulum arising from the embryonic buccal cavity, from which the anterior pituitary gland develops)
What are the three terms for an oral cyst lined entirely by gastrointestinal epithelium?
- heterotopic oral gastrointestinal cysts
- enterocystomas
- enteric duplication cyst
Where do oral dermoid cysts most commonly occur?
midline floor of mouth (yep, just like an epidermoid cyst)
What is the clinical appearance of a dermoid cyst that develops below the geniohyoid muscle?
“double chin”
Age groups for dermoid cysts?
children and young adults
What is a characteristic clinical sign of an epidermoid cysts following palpation?
pitting of the lesion after release of palpation
