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Neville and Damm > Ch 1 - Developmental Defects 3 > Flashcards

Ch 1 - Developmental Defects 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are three syndromes assoicated with congenital condylar hypoplasia?

A
  1. Mandibulofacial dysostosis
  2. Oculoauriculovertebral syndrome (Goldenhar syndrome)
  3. Hemifacial microsomia
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2
Q

What is the most frequent cause of acquired condylar hypoplasia?

A

trauma during childhood or infancy (infections, radiation therapy, rheumatoid/degen arthritis too)

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3
Q

Condylar hypoplasia: The mandibular midline shifts to the which side when the mouth is opened?

A

the involved side

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4
Q

Most bifid condyles have a ______ and ______ head divided by an anteroposterior groove. Whats the most common cause?

A

medial and lateral…trauma

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5
Q

What is the prevalence of buccal exostoses?

A

up to 19%!

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6
Q

LOL: what is the % range for prevalence of palatal tori?

A

8-69% (nice big ass range)

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7
Q

What is the term for an exostosis that develops from

the alveolar crestal bone beneath the pontic of a posterior bridge?

A

reactive subpontine exostosis (subpontic osseous proliferation, subpontic osseous hyperplasia)

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8
Q

_________ is a common exostosis that occurs in

the MIDLINE of the vault of the hard palate.

A

torus palatinus

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9
Q

What are the 4 morphologic types of palatal tori?

A
  1. Flat 2.Spindle 3.Nodular 4.lobular
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10
Q

What is the (massive) % range for patients with palatal tori? What two populations have a higher prevalence? Gender predilection?

A

9-60%…Asian / Inuit….Female 2:1

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11
Q

What % of mandibular tori are bilateral?

A

90%

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12
Q

What is more common torus palatinus or mandibularis?

A

Palatinus (up to 69%) (Vs mand up to 40%)

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13
Q

What is the gender predilection for torus mandibularis?

A

male (as opposed to female for palatinus)

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14
Q

Jesus: what are the 3 alternate names for Eagle syndrome?

A
  1. Stylohyoid syndrome
  2. Carotid artery syndrome
  3. Stylalgia
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15
Q

What is the prevalence of eagle syndrome?

A

18-84% lol

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16
Q

Gender for eagle syn?

A

female

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17
Q

What is the classic inciting event for eagle syndrome?

A

tonsillectomy

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18
Q

What are the 2 terms for eagle syndrome NOT related to a tonsillectomy?

A

carotid artery syndrome or stylohyoid syndrome

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19
Q

What is the term for when a mineralized stylohyoid ligament is fractured?

A

traumatic eagle syndrome

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20
Q

LOL: what are the 6 alternate names for a stafne defect?

A
  1. Stafne bone cyst
  2. Lingual mandibular salivary gland depression
  3. Latent bone cyst
  4. Static bone cyst
  5. Static bone defect
  6. Lingual cortical mandibular defect
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21
Q

Where does a stafne defect occur in relation to the IA canal?

A

BELOW

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22
Q

What is the gender predilection for Stafne defect?

A

80-90% MALE

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23
Q

What is the prevalence of Stafne defect?

A

up to 0.48%

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24
Q

What are the two alternate names for palatal cysts of the newborn?

A
  1. Epstein’s pearls

2. Bohn’s nodules

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25
Q

What are the two theories for the development of palatal cysts of the newborn? Which alternate name is associated with which theory?

A
  1. entrapped epithelial islands on midline hard palate = Epstein’s pearls
  2. remnants of minor salivary glands on hard and soft palate = Bohn’s nodules

All this is really an academic exercise - clinically they can just be called palatal cysts of newborn

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26
Q

What is the % range for neonates that have palatal cysts of the newborn?

A

55-85%

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27
Q

What are the two alternate terms for a nasolabial cyst?

A
  1. Nasoalveolar cyst

2. Klestadt cyst

28
Q

What is the peak age range for nasolabial cyst? Gender predilection?

A

4th-5th decades…Female 3:1

29
Q

What is the reason why “globulomaxillary cyst” has been discreditied?

A

it was thought to be a fissural cyst, but the globular portion of the medial nasal process is primarily united with the maxillary process and a fusion does not occur….

also: Virtually all cysts in the globulomaxillary region (between the lateral incisor and canine teeth) can be explained on an odontogenic basis.

30
Q

Where is the globulomaxillary region?

A

between the lateral incisor and the canine

31
Q

What is the most common NON-ODONTOGENIC cyst in the oral cavity?

A

Nasopalatine duct cyst

32
Q

What is the alternate name for the nasopalatine duct cyst?

A

Incisive canal cyst

33
Q

What is the term for the two smaller foramina carrying the nasopalatine nerves that are sometimes seen in the incisive foramen?

A

Canals of Scarpa

34
Q

What is the term for the vestigial organ located in the vomernasal region that the nasopalatine duct can communicate with to create an accessory olfactory organ?

A

organ of Jacobson

35
Q

Nasopalatine duct cyst age range? Gender?

A

4th-6th decades…Male

36
Q

What are two discriptions for the radiographic shape of a nasopalatine duct cyst?

A

pear or heart shaped RL

37
Q

What is the radiographic size cut off to determine a nasopalatine duct cyst from just a large incisive canal?

A

6mm

38
Q

What is the term for a nasopalatine duct cyst that is soft tissue only?

A

cyst of the incisive papilla

39
Q

What is the characteristic color of a cyst of the incisive papilla?

A

bluish

40
Q

While nasopalatine duct cysts can have variation in the lining, what is the most common lining seen?

A

stratified squamous

41
Q

What are 3 other histologic components of a nasopalatine duct cyst that help make the diagnosis? (besides epi lining and location)

A
  1. blood vessels 2. nerve bundles 3. minor salivary glands
42
Q

Most “_______” cysts may represent

posteriorly positioned nasopalatine duct cysts.

A

median palatal cysts

43
Q

What is the age group for median palatal cysts?

A

young adults

44
Q

What are the 6 diagnostic criteria for a median palatal cyst?

A
  1. midline hard palate
  2. posterior to palatine papilla
  3. Radio: ovioid / circular
  4. Not assoc with non-vital tooth
  5. No communication with incisive canal
  6. No micro of naospalatine duct cyst (neuro/vasc/glands)
45
Q

What is the typical type of epithelial lining seen in a median palatal cyst?

A

stratified squamous (can see pseudostrat w cilia and goblet cells tho)

46
Q

Why is the term “median mandibular cyst” not used any more? What are most of these cysts now called?

A

Thought to be a “fusion” cyst, but the mandible does not fuse during development…likely a GOC

47
Q

What is the term for a cyst arising from the follicular infundibulum?

A

Epidermoid cyst (infundibular cyst)

48
Q

Where is the most common location for a “true” epidermoid cyst?

A

midline floor of mouth

49
Q

True epidermoid cysts are thought to be a minimal manifestation of what of cyst spectrum?

A

teratoma-dermoid cyst-epidermoid cyst spectrum

50
Q

Epidermoid cysts are unusual before pooberty, except for a patient with what syndrome?

A

Gardner syndrome

51
Q

Gender for epidermoid cyst?

A

male

52
Q

What is an alternate term for a pilar cyst? Gender?

A

trichilemmal cyst …. female 2x

53
Q

What is the term for multiple, tiny keratin-filled cysts that resemble miniature epidermoid cysts?

A

milia

54
Q

Where do primary milia come from?

A

the sebaceous collar of vellus hairs

55
Q

Where do secondary milia come from? (3 sites)

A
  1. eccrine ducts
  2. hair follicles
  3. overlying epidermis
56
Q

What is one possible difference between the lining of an epidermoid cyst and the lining of a pilar cyst?

A

epidermoid = granular layer…pilar = no granular layer

57
Q

What is the alternate name for a dermoid cyst?

A

Dysontogenic cyst (dysontogenic = defective embryologic development)

58
Q

A dermoid cyst is generally classified as a benign cystic form of _______

A

a teratoma

59
Q

In addition to the epidermis-like cyst lining of a dermoid cyst, what else is present?

A

dermal adnexal structures in the cyst wall

60
Q

Complex teratomas of the oral cavity are rare. When they occur, they usually extend through a _______ from the pituitary area via _________.

A

cleft palate……Rathke’s pouch (Rathke’s pouch is a diverticulum arising from the embryonic buccal cavity, from which the anterior pituitary gland develops)

61
Q

What are the three terms for an oral cyst lined entirely by gastrointestinal epithelium?

A
  1. heterotopic oral gastrointestinal cysts
  2. enterocystomas
  3. enteric duplication cyst
62
Q

Where do oral dermoid cysts most commonly occur?

A

midline floor of mouth (yep, just like an epidermoid cyst)

63
Q

What is the clinical appearance of a dermoid cyst that develops below the geniohyoid muscle?

A

“double chin”

64
Q

Age groups for dermoid cysts?

A

children and young adults

65
Q

What is a characteristic clinical sign of an epidermoid cysts following palpation?

A

pitting of the lesion after release of palpation

Neville and Damm (72 decks)

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