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Neville and Damm > Ch 2 - Abnormalities of Teeth 3 > Flashcards

Ch 2 - Abnormalities of Teeth 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Defined as an attempt of a single tooth bud to divide

A

gemination

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2
Q

The union of two normally separated tooth buds with the resultant formation of a joined tooth with confluence of dentin

A

fusion

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3
Q

The union of two teeth by cementum without confluence of the dentin

A

concresence

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4
Q

People argue that gemination, fusion, and concresence should be discontinued and replaced with this term:

A

twinning (lol)

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5
Q

A single enlarged tooth or joined (i.e., double)

tooth in which the tooth count is normal when the anomalous tooth is counted as one

A

Gemination

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6
Q

A single enlarged tooth or joined (i.e., double) tooth in which the tooth count reveals a missing tooth when the anomalous tooth is counted as one.

A

Fusion

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7
Q

Which population has a higher prevalance of “double teeth” (fusion/gemination) compared to whites?

A

Asian

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8
Q

Gemination is more common in the ______ arch , whereas

fusion tends to occur more frequently in the ______ arch.

A

gemination = maxilla….fusion = mandible

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9
Q

Accessory cusp located on the palatal surface of the mesiolingual cusp of a maxillary molar…Prevelence in whites? asians?

A

cusp of Carabelli..90% whites, rare in Asians

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10
Q

Accessory cusp on the mesiobuccal cusp of a mandibular permanent or deciduous molar

A

protostylid

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11
Q

A well-delineated additional cusp that is located on the surface of an anterior tooth and extends at least half the distance from the CEJ to the incisal edge

A

talon cusp

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12
Q

Most common tooth for a talon cusp

A

permanent maxillary lateral incisor

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13
Q

4 ethnicities for talon cusp

A
  1. Asian 2.Native Americans 3. Inuit 4. Arab descent
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14
Q

6 disorders associated with a talon cusp (so freaking random)…which one has the strongest correlation?

A
  1. Rubinstein-Taybi syn(strongest: 92%) 2. Mohr syn 3. Ellis-van Creveld syn 4. incontinentia pigmenti achromians 5. Berardinelli-Seip syn 6. Sturge-Weber angiomatosis
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15
Q

A cusplike elevation of enamel located in the central groove or lingual ridge of the buccal cusp of premolar or molar teeth

A

Dens evaginatus

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16
Q

What is a Leong premolar?

A

an alternate term for dens envaginatus

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17
Q

Which arch has a marked predominance for dens evaginatus?

A

mandibular

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18
Q

4 ethnicities for dens evaginatus

A

1-4 % prev 1. Asians 2. Inuit 3. Native Americans 4. rare in whites

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19
Q

Dens evaginatus is seen in association with what other tooth variation?

A

shovel-shaped incisors

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20
Q

Shovel-shaped incisors occur predominantly in Asians,

with a prevalence of approximately 15% in whites but close to 100% in what 2 groups?

A

Native Americans and the Inuit

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21
Q

What is the alternate term for Dens Invaginatus?

A

dens in dente

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22
Q

Which tooth is most commonly affected by dens invaginatus?

A

perm max lat incisors

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23
Q

What is the term for a dens invaginatus that disturbed the formation of the tooth?

A

dilated odontome

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24
Q

_______ dens invaginatus is rare and thought to arise
secondary to a proliferation of Hertwig root sheath, with the formation of a strip of enamel that extends along the surface of the root.

A

Radicular

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25
Q

What is the most common tooth affected by enamel pearls?

A

maxillary permanent molars

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26
Q

What is the % range for prevelence of enamel pearls? Which ethnicity is most affected?

A

1.1-9.7%….Asians

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27
Q

Which tooth is affected most by cervical enamel extensions?

A

mandibular molars

28
Q

Cervical enamel extensions: What 4 regions have found a high prevelence? (20% - 78%)

A
  1. US (lower 48) 2. Japan 3. China 4. Alaska
29
Q

Even though the association is controversial, cervical enamel extensions can cause an inflammatory cyst at the buccal furcation of a molar and are thus called _______

A

buccal bifurcation cysts

30
Q

Term for an enlargement of the body and pulp

chamber of a multirooted tooth, with apical displacement of the pulpal floor and bifurcation of the roots

A

Taurodontism

31
Q

An increased frequency of taurodontism has been reported in patients with what 3 maxillofacial disorders? (think general)

A

hypodontia, cleft lip, and cleft palate

32
Q

Please give 5 (of 20) syndromes associated with taurodontism

A
  1. Amelogenesis imperfecta (IE, IV) 2. Down syn 3. Ectodermal dysplasia 4.Kleinfelter syn 5. Oral-facial-digital type II
33
Q

A nonneoplastic deposition of excessive cementum that is continuous with the normal radicular cementum.. (2 terms plz)

A

Hypercementosis (cemental hyperplasia)

34
Q

What 4 things help distinguish a cementoblastoma from hypercementosis?

A
  1. pain 2. cortical expansion 3. continued enlargment 4. age - Blastoma = kids, cementosis = adults
35
Q

Which tooth is most affected by hypercementosis?

A

mand molars

36
Q

8 systemic factors associated with hypercementosis (all are weak associations except for which one?)

A
  1. Acromegaly/gigantism
  2. Arthritis
  3. Calcinosis
  4. Paget disease(strongest association)
  5. Rheumatic fever
  6. Thyroid goiter
  7. Gardner syndrome
  8. Vitamin A deficiency
37
Q

What is the leading cause of dilaceration? What age does this typically occur by? What is the most common tooth affected?

A

trauma by 4 years of age…mand 3rd molars

38
Q

4 syndromes associated with dilaceration

A
  1. Smith-Magenis syn 2. Ehlers-Danlos 3.Axenfeld-Reiger syn 4. congenital ichthyosis (dry, scaly, thickened skin)
39
Q

What is the most common tooth affected by supernumerary roots?

A

permanent 3rd molars (max or mand)

40
Q

What are the 2 primary diagnostic features of Otodental syndrome? What are 3 less often associated findings?

A
  1. sensorineural hearling loss 2. globodontia….less associated 1. ocular coloboma 2. odontomas 3. numerous microdontic teeth
41
Q

Inheritance pattern, chromosome, and gene mutation for otodental syndrome?

A

AD….11q13….haploinsufficiency of FGF3

42
Q

Which teeth are affected by globodontia?

A

primary and permanent cuspids and molars

43
Q

What is the most excellent description of the occlusal surface of a molar globodontic tooth?

A

“tied end of a sausage” lol

44
Q

What are the 4 syndromes associated with colobomas?

A
  1. Regional odontodysplasia 2.otodental syndrome 3. Gorlin syndrome 4. Mandibulofacial dysostosis (Treacher Collins)
45
Q

A rare hereditary dental anomaly in which numerous teeth resemble those noted in carnivores…what is the inheritance pattern?

A

Lobodontia…AD

46
Q

Which teeth are most commonly affected by lobodontia? What is the descriptive term used?

A

cuspids and premolars, “fang-like” cusps

47
Q

What encompasses a complicated group of conditions that demonstrate developmental alterations in the structure of the enamel in the absence of a systemic disorder or syndrome?

A

Amelogenesis Imperfecta

48
Q

What is the name of the classification system for Amelogenesis Imperfecta?

A

Witkop (Same Witkop as Witkop-Von Sallmann Syndrome aka HBID)

49
Q

What are the 8 associated gene mutations (and their protein products) with Amelogenesis Imperfecta?

A
  1. AMELX (amelogenin protein, X-linked, 14 mutations known)
  2. ENAM (enamelin protein, AD and AR)
  3. MMP-20 (enamelysin protease, AR)
  4. KLK4 (kallikren-4 protease)
  5. FAM83H (AD, highest prevelance and most severe enamel alterations)
  6. WDR72 (scaffold for protein-protein interactions, AR)
  7. C4orf26 (extracellular matrix protein in the enamel organ, AR, Omani family)
  8. DLX3 (controversial involvment, assoc w taurodontism)
50
Q

What is the prevelence of Amelogenesis imperfecta in the US?

A

1:14,000 (so approx 24,000 people in the US)….compared to 1:700 in Sweden! woah! (14,000 people)

51
Q

The X-linked patterns of generalized thin amelogenesis imperfecta are a lesson in what genetic effect?

A

lyonization

52
Q

hypocalcification pattern of Amelogenesis Imperfecta has been associated with “_______” enamel

A

“cheesy” enamel

53
Q

In a person with _________ amelogenesis imperfecta, the affected teeth are normal in shape but exhibit white opaque enamel that may reveal areas of mottling. Can resemble dental fluorosis

A

hypomaturation

54
Q

In the ________ _______ Amelogenesis Imperfecta pattern, the surface enamel is mottled and agar-brown. The enamel often fractures from the underlying dentin and is soft enough to be punctured by a dental explorer.

A

pigmented hypomaturation

55
Q

Which shows lyonization more: X-linked hypomaturation of AI or X-linked hypoplastic AI?

A

lyonization is not as obvious in hypomaturation as that seen in the X-linked hypoplastic pattern.

56
Q

______ _____ AI patterns exhibit a zone of white opaque enamel on the incisal or occlusal one quarter to one-third of the crown

A

snow-capped hypomaturation

57
Q

Name that AI pattern: “denture dipped in white paint”

A

Snow-capped hypomaturation

58
Q

_________ amelogenesis imperfecta, the teeth are appropriately shaped on eruption, but the enamel is very soft and easily lost.

A

hypocalcified

59
Q

What are the 4 clinical categories for Amelogenesis Imperfecta?

A
  1. Hypoplastic
  2. Hypomaturation
  3. Hypocalcification
  4. AI with Taurodontism (Hypomaturation-Hypoplastic)
60
Q

What syndrome has a pattern of teeth alteration similar to amelogenesis imperfecta with taurodontism?
.

A

tricho-dento-osseous syndrome

61
Q

What are the 4 features of tricho-dento-osseous syndrome?

A
  1. Pattern of teeth alteration similar to AI with taurodontism
  2. kinky hair
  3. osteosclerosis
  4. brittle nails
62
Q

Which form of Amelogenesis Imperfecta is associated with nephrocalcinosis and sometimes renal failure?

A

generalized thin hypoplastic amelogenesis

imperfecta

63
Q

Name that clincal AI type: pinpoint-to-pinhead–sized pits are scattered across the surface of the teeth and do not correlate with a pattern of environmental damage

A

generalized pattern of hypoplastic AI

64
Q

Name that AI type: the affected teeth demonstrate
horizontal rows of pits, a linear depression, or one large area of hypoplastic enamel. Typically, the altered area is located in the middle third of the buccal surfaces of the teeth.

A

localized pattern of hypoplastic AI

65
Q

Name that AI type: the enamel is extremely

thin with teeth that are shaped like crown preparations and demonstrate open contact points.

A

generalized thin variant of hypoplastic AI

66
Q

Name that AI type: the affected teeth are normal in shape but exhibit white opaque enamel that may reveal areas of mottling.

A

hypomaturation AI

Neville and Damm (72 decks)

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