ch14 Flashcards
social cognition
people gathering data & predicting social situations while going through life
atttitude
set of beliefs and feelingsm
mere exposure effect
the more you are exposed to something, the more you will like it
central route (processing persuasive messages)
processes content of message
peripheral route (processing persuasive messages)
processes other aspects of the message (like how hot the person giving the message is)
cognitive dissonance theory
when people’s attitudes can be changed if you change their behavior
dissonance
unpleasant mental tension that usually follows participating in behaviors that go against their attitudes
foot in the door (compliance strategy)
a small request is followed by a larger request
door in the face (compliance strategy)
a unrealistically large request is followed by a smaller request
norms of reciprocality
people tend to feel obligated to return the favor when you do something nice for them
dispositional/person attributions
believing the cause is a personal factor
situational attribution
believing the cause is a situational/environmental factor
person-stable attribution
believing the cause is an unchanging personal factor
person unstable attribution
believing the cause is a one time personal factor
situational stable attribution
believing the cause is an unchanging situational factor
situational unstable attribution
believing the cause is a one time situational factor
Harold Kelly’s theory
proposed that people make attributions based off 3 factors:
consistency- how similarly an individual acts in the same situation over time
distinctiveness- how similar the scenario is to other scenarios
consensus- how other people behave in the same scenario
self fulfilling prophecy
how other people’s expectations can influence how someone behaves
fundamental attribution error
overestimating personal attributions and underestimating situational attributions
false consensus effect
when people overestimate how many others agree with their decisions
self serving bias
tendency to take more credit for good results than bad ones
just world bias
the belief that bad things happen to bad people
stereotypes
ideas/expectations on how certain groups behave
prejudice
underserved negative attitudes towards a group
ethnocentrism
the belief that one culture is superior to another
discrimination
acting on prejudices/acting against certain groups
out group homogeneity
the tendency to see members of your own group (in group) as more diverse than members of other groups (out groups)
in group bias
preference for people in your own group
contact theory
contact between hostile groups can lower hostility, but only if they have a superordinate goal (goal that benefits everyone)
instrumental aggression
when aggression is used to reach a particular goal
hostile aggression
aggression with no clear reason
frustration aggression hypothesis
theorizes that frustration makes aggression more likely
bystander effect
the larger the group of people that witnesses an event, the less likely anyone is to help
diffusion of responsibility
the larger the group, the less responsible any single individual feels to help
pluralistic ignorance
deciding on what appropriate behavior is by copying others around you
self disclosure
sharing personal info with another
social facilitation
when the presence of others improves personal performance
social impairment
presence of others during a difficult task can hurt performance
norms
rules about how group members should act
roles
jobs for group members
social loafing
when an individual puts less effort when in a group than when alone (because they are less likely to be recognized for their own efforts)
group polarization
tendency for an individual to make more extreme decisions as a group than when alolne
groupthink
tendency for groups to make bad decisions
deindividualization
when people in a group do things they would have never done on their own.
