ch11 Flashcards
Type A personality
hard workers, competitive, ambitious, easy to anger
Type B personality
laid back, easygoing
eros
life instinct, directed by libido (seen as desire for sex)
thanatos
death instincts (seen as aggression)
ID
exists in unconscious mind, follows pleasure principle (seeks immediate pleasure)
Ego
exists in both conscious and unconscious minds. follows reality principle (negotiates between desires of ID & limitations of the environment.
superego
exists in both conscious and unconscious mind, develops a conscience (thinking about what is right VS what is wrong)
types of defense mechanisms
repression- blocking thoughts
denial- not accepting truth
intellectualization- starting an academic study
projection- believing that your feelings towards someone is actually their feelings towards you
displacement- redirecting feelings towards another person/object
regression- seeking a past method of comfort
reaction formation- expressing the opposite to what you feel
rationalization- making up benefits from an unwanted event
sublimation- channeling feelings towards different goal
personal unconsciousness
contains complexes
complexes
painful/threatening memories
collective unconsciousness
is passed down through species. contains archetypes
archetypes
universal concepts we all share
nomothetic approach (trait theories)
theorists who believe the same basic traits can be used to describe all personalities
big 5 traits
extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness (how hardworking), openness to experience (trying new things), emotional stability
Idiographic approach
theorists who believe using the same set of terms to classify all people is impossible
Cardinal Dispositions
a trait that plays a pivotal role in almost everything someone does
central dispositions
traits that are influential to personality
secondary dispositions
traits with not much influence on ones personality
heritability
measurement of the variation of a trait in a population that is a result of genetics
temperaments
emotional style/ways of dealing with the world
hippocrates
believed personality to be affected by the 4 humors of the body
(blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm)
William sheldon’s somatotype theory
believed personality traits to be associated with body types
endomorphs (fat)- believed to be more shy + secretive
mesomorphs (muscular)- believed to be confident + assertive
exomorphs (skinny)- believed to be friendly + outgoing
behaviorist theory of personality
believes personality is determined by the environment
triadic reciprocality/reciprocal determinism
that a person’s personality is determined through 3 factors; their traits, the environment, and their behaviors.
each factor influences the other 2 in a constant motion
self effacy
how confident you are in your ability to get things done
personal-construct theory
states that people develop their own constructs in an attempt to understand the world
theory is based off fundamental postulate (states that a person’s past interactions with the world can be used to predict future ones)
constructs
opposites (ex. smart/dumb, fair/unfair)
internal locus of control
a person feels like they are responsible for what happens to them
external locus of control
a person feels like luck & outside forces are responsible for what happens to them
determinism
the belief that what happens in the present is caused by things outside a person’s will
free will
a person’s ability to choose their own future
(non humanistic theories don’t acknowledge this)
third force
humanistic theories, as they contradict with psychoanalytic and behaviorists.
self concept
a person’s feelings towards themselves
self theory (Carl Rogers)
states that people are innately good, but require unconditional positive regard in order to reach self actualization
unconditional positive regard
blanket acceptance. will be accepted no matter what
projective tests
interpreting ambiguous images
- Rorschach inkblot test- looking at inkblots
- thematic apperception test- showing people in ambiguous situations
self report inventories
questionnaires asking people about themselves
- Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI-2)
Barnum effect
the tendency to see yourself as generic, vague descriptions that could apply to anybody.
