ch10

Question 1

drive reduction theory (DRT)

Answer 1

theory that all motivations are driven by biological needs (hunger/thirst)

body seeks homeostasis

Question 2

homeostasis

Answer 2

balanced internal state

Question 3

primary drives

Answer 3

biological needs

Question 4

secondary drives

Answer 4

learned drives (ex. money)

Question 5

arousal theory

Answer 5

states that people seek an optimum level of arousal

Question 6

Yerkes Dodson law

Answer 6

states that performance increases with arousal, but only to a certain point (too little/too much arousal negatively impacts performance)

Question 7

opponent process theory of motivation

Answer 7

states that everyone has a baseline, and activities move them from said baseline. when people move away from baseline, they feel an opponent-process (opposite emotion) and are motivated to return back to baseline

Question 8

incentive theory

Answer 8

people associate certain behaviors with rewards/punishment, and seek out the rewards

Question 9

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 9

states that not all needs are created equal
(highest priority->lowest priority)
Physical needs (hunger/thirst)
Safety needs
Belongingness & love needs
Esteem needs (to gain approval)
self actualization (to fulfill your unique potential)

Question 10

set point theory

Answer 10

states that the hypothalamus wants to maintain a optimum body weight

Question 11

external motivation for hunger

Answer 11

motivated by external factors like appearance and abundance of food

Question 12

internal motivation for hunger

Answer 12

motivated by internal factors (hunger)

Question 13

bulimia

Answer 13

will overeat (binge) and get rid (purge) the food

Question 14

anorexia nervosa

Answer 14

starve themselves

Question 15

achievement motivation

Answer 15

desire to master complex tasks/knowledge to reach personal goals

Question 16

extrinsic motivatiors

Answer 16

rewards from outside sources (money/grades, etc)

Question 17

intrinsic motivators

Answer 17

rewards you get internally (satisfaction, enjoyment)

Question 18

approach-approach conflict

Answer 18

choosing between 2 desirable outcomes

Question 19

avoidance avoidance conflict

Answer 19

choosing between 2 undesirable outcomes

Question 20

approach avoidance conflict

Answer 20

when a desirable thing is accompanied by an undesirable thing

Question 21

multiple approach avoidance conflicts

Answer 21

choosing between 2 or more options, but all options have pros & cons

Question 22

two factor theory

Answer 22

people who are already psychologically aroused experience more intense emotions compared to unaroused people when given the same stimuli

demonstrates that biology and cognition work together to determine emotion

Question 23

James Lange theory of theory of emotion

Answer 23

states that people feel emotion due to biological changes caused by stress

Question 24

cannon Bard theory of emotion

Answer 24

states that biological change & cognitive awareness of their surroundings determine their emotional state

Question 25

lateral hypothalamus

Answer 25

the hunger center. when stimulated, causes an animal to eat.
if damaged, animal will starve unless forced to eat

Question 26

ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 26

satiety center. when stimulated, causes an animal to stop eating.
if damaged, animal wont stop eating until it runs out of food.

Question 27

management theory

Answer 27

Theory X- employees will only work if rewarded with benefits or threatened with punishment

Theory Y- employees are internally motivated to work, and company policies should encourage them.

Question 28

Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Answer 28

alarm reaction- activates the sympathetic nervous system, heart rate goes up, blood is redirected from other bodily functions to muscles needed to react.

resistance- body remains physically active, hormones release to maintain readiness

exhaustion- parasympathetic nervous system returns physical state to normal

Question 29

perceived control

Answer 29

when a person believes they are in control, they will be less stressed