ch10 Flashcards
drive reduction theory (DRT)
theory that all motivations are driven by biological needs (hunger/thirst)
body seeks homeostasis
homeostasis
balanced internal state
primary drives
biological needs
secondary drives
learned drives (ex. money)
arousal theory
states that people seek an optimum level of arousal
Yerkes Dodson law
states that performance increases with arousal, but only to a certain point (too little/too much arousal negatively impacts performance)
opponent process theory of motivation
states that everyone has a baseline, and activities move them from said baseline. when people move away from baseline, they feel an opponent-process (opposite emotion) and are motivated to return back to baseline
incentive theory
people associate certain behaviors with rewards/punishment, and seek out the rewards
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
states that not all needs are created equal
(highest priority->lowest priority)
Physical needs (hunger/thirst)
Safety needs
Belongingness & love needs
Esteem needs (to gain approval)
self actualization (to fulfill your unique potential)
set point theory
states that the hypothalamus wants to maintain a optimum body weight
external motivation for hunger
motivated by external factors like appearance and abundance of food
internal motivation for hunger
motivated by internal factors (hunger)
bulimia
will overeat (binge) and get rid (purge) the food
anorexia nervosa
starve themselves
achievement motivation
desire to master complex tasks/knowledge to reach personal goals
extrinsic motivatiors
rewards from outside sources (money/grades, etc)
intrinsic motivators
rewards you get internally (satisfaction, enjoyment)
approach-approach conflict
choosing between 2 desirable outcomes
avoidance avoidance conflict
choosing between 2 undesirable outcomes
approach avoidance conflict
when a desirable thing is accompanied by an undesirable thing
multiple approach avoidance conflicts
choosing between 2 or more options, but all options have pros & cons
two factor theory
people who are already psychologically aroused experience more intense emotions compared to unaroused people when given the same stimuli
demonstrates that biology and cognition work together to determine emotion
James Lange theory of theory of emotion
states that people feel emotion due to biological changes caused by stress
cannon Bard theory of emotion
states that biological change & cognitive awareness of their surroundings determine their emotional state
lateral hypothalamus
the hunger center. when stimulated, causes an animal to eat.
if damaged, animal will starve unless forced to eat
ventromedial hypothalamus
satiety center. when stimulated, causes an animal to stop eating.
if damaged, animal wont stop eating until it runs out of food.
management theory
Theory X- employees will only work if rewarded with benefits or threatened with punishment
Theory Y- employees are internally motivated to work, and company policies should encourage them.
Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
alarm reaction- activates the sympathetic nervous system, heart rate goes up, blood is redirected from other bodily functions to muscles needed to react.
resistance- body remains physically active, hormones release to maintain readiness
exhaustion- parasympathetic nervous system returns physical state to normal
perceived control
when a person believes they are in control, they will be less stressed
