Ch. 9.4 Cultural and Intellectual Trends

Question 1

photomontage

Answer 1

picture made of combination of photographs (used by Hannah Hoch, Dada artist)

Question 2

surrealism

Answer 2

artistic movement that sought reality beyond material world and found in unconscious world; want to show greater reality beyond physical world; dreamlike

Question 3

modernism

Answer 3

unison of function, technology, and craft in artistic spirit; inspired Bauhaus architects; rational design

Question 4

uncertainty principle

Answer 4

1927: developed by Heisenburg; observation that behavior of subatomic particles is unpredictable, so all physical laws are based on uncertainties; challenged Newtonian physics

Question 5

{The Triumph of the Will}

Answer 5

documentary of 1934 Nuremburg party rally; example of propaganda films to spread Nazi message and ideas of National Socialism

Question 6

Salvador Dali

Answer 6

Spaniard; “god of surrealism”; painted everyday objects in strange relationships and contexts; irrational world

Question 7

James Joyce

Answer 7

Irish writer; published {Ulysses} in 1922; wrote with “stream of consiousness” to express inner thoughts of character

Question 8

Hermann Hesse

Answer 8

German writer; novels reflect Freud’s psychology and Asian religions(Buddhism); spiritual loneliness in humans in urban society; {Siddhartha} {Steppenwolf}; Nobel Prize in 1946

Question 9

{Quo Vadis}

Answer 9

Italian film; movies became part of mass entertainment

Question 10

radio/Marconi

Answer 10

Guglielmo Marconi discovered wireless radio waves; broadcasting facilities built, mass radio production around world

Question 11

Joseph Goebbels

Answer 11

Hitler’s propaganda minister; created film division in Propaganda Ministry; thought films=good way to brainwash public

Question 12

Leni Riefenstahl

Answer 12

actress-turned-director; filmed {The Triumph of the Will}

Question 13

Dada

Answer 13

art movement that supported idea that life had no purpose; saw insanity of life and put that feeling in art

Question 14

Kraft durch Freude

Answer 14

“Strength through Joy”; Nazi regime program that offered variety of leisure activities to fill free time of working class (ex. concerts, tours, inexpensive vacations)

Question 15

{Ulysses}

Answer 15

published in 1922; written by James Joyce; used technique of “stream of consciousness”

Question 16

Bauhaus

Answer 16

1919: Walter Gropius created new school for architects, Bauhaus, in Weimar (Germany); want to unite function, technology, and craft; business-look buildings; modernism-inspired; Hitler shut down school in 1933; many Bauhaus leaders emigrated to U.S.

Question 17

Werner Heisenburg

Answer 17

German physicist who created the uncertainty principle in 1927