Ch. 12.2 The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

Question 1

heavy industry

Answer 1

manufacture of machines and equipment for factories and mines; this increased in post-war USSR (target for military use)

Question 2

de-Stalinization

Answer 2

process of eliminating ruthless policies of Stalin; done under Khrushchev

Question 3

Alexander Solzhenitsyn

Answer 3

wrote {One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich}; portray suffering in prison camp; work released after Khrushchev loosened regime

Question 4

Tito

Answer 4

Josip Broz; leader of Communist resistance movement in the war; created independent communist state in Yugoslavia; remain free from Stalin

Question 5

Imre Nagy

Answer 5

Hungarian leader; declared Hungary free nation on Nov 1, 1956; promise free elections; Soviets attacked Hungary and reestablished control—>Nagy executed two years later

Question 6

Alexander Dubcek

Answer 6

Jan 1968: elected first secretary of Communist Party in Czech; introduced reforms and different freedoms; crushed by Soviet army in Aug 1968

Question 7

Soviet Union

Answer 7

devastated by WWII; try to recover economically; industry was more supported so people were not treated well

Question 8

Hungary

Answer 8

1945-1947 Soviet-controlled Communist gov’ts began to take over

Question 9

Albania

Answer 9

exception to Soviet dominance; local Communist parties took control; set up Stalinist-type regime

Question 10

Yugoslavia

Answer 10

exception to Soviet dominance; Tito took control

Question 11

Poland

Answer 11

1945-1947 Soviet-controlled Communist gov’ts began to take over

Question 12

Iron Curtain

Answer 12

division between East and West; still existed at this time; Soviets were still gripping Eastern Europe tightly

Question 13

Wladyslaw Gomulka

Answer 13

first-elected secretary of Poland; Polish Communist Party supported him (party repressed protests in 1956)

Question 14

Prague Spring

Answer 14

period of euphoria during Dubcek’s reforms

Question 15

Antonin Novotny

Answer 15

“Little Stalin”; placed in power (1953) in Czech by Stalin; writers’ rebellion—>resignation 1968

Question 16

Nikita Khrushchev

Answer 16

new general secretary of Communist party in USSR; try to undo bad parts of Stalin’s regime; loosened some gov’t control; try to improve happiness of people and country; failures led him to be voted out of office in 1964