Ch. 12.1 Development of the Cold War

Question 1

satellite state

Answer 1

Eastern European nations economically and politically dependent on USSR

Question 2

policy of containment

Answer 2

June 1947: Kennan (U.S. diplomat) argued for this; policy to keep communism within existing boundaries and prevent future Soviet aggressive moves; made into U.S. policy

Question 3

arms race

Answer 3

competition where countries built up armies and weapons; U.S. and USSR did this (esp. nuclear weapons)

Question 4

deterrence

Answer 4

policy stated that arsenals of nuclear weapons on both sides prevented war

Question 5

domino theory

Answer 5

if Communists took one country, nearby countries would fall like dominoes to communism (how U.S. viewed Vietnam)

Question 6

Truman Doctrine

Answer 6

response to Greece conflict; stated that U.S. would provide money to countries threatened by communist expansion

Question 7

Dean Acheson

Answer 7

U.S. secretary of state; reasoned that if Greece was infected by communism, countries around it would follow

Question 8

Marshall Plan

Answer 8

proposed by Gen Marshall (U.S. secretary of state); designed to rebuild prosperity and stability of Europe; included $13 billion for economic recovery

Question 9

NATO

Answer 9

military alliance formed April 1949; North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Belgium, Lux, France, Neth, GB, Italy, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Iceland, U.S., Canada (W. Germany, Turkey, Greece joined)

Question 10

Warsaw Pact

Answer 10

1955: USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, E. Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania

Question 11

SEATO

Answer 11

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization; U.S., GB, France, Pakistan, Thailand, Philippines, Australia, New Zealand

Question 12

CENTO

Answer 12

Central Treaty Organization; Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, GB, U.S.

Question 13

Nikita Khrushchev

Answer 13

new leader of USSR in 1955; tried to stop flow of refugees from East Germany to West Berlin

Question 14

superpowers

Answer 14

countries whose military power is combined with political influence; U.S. and USSR (capitalism vs. communism)

Question 15

Cuban missile crisis

Answer 15

1962: Khrushchev began placing nuclear missiles in Cuba; Kennedy blockaded Cuba and prevented fleet carrying missiles from landing; USSR and Kennedy made agreement—>extremely close to blowing up world!

Question 16

Vietnam War

Answer 16

U.S. lost to North Vietnamese; antiwar movement occurred in U.S.; withdrew troops in 1923; 1975: Communists won and war ended; domino theory never came true

Question 17

Berlin

Answer 17

capital of Germany; divided into four zones (split between U.S., France, GB, USSR)

Question 18

Berlin Wall

Answer 18

Aug. 1961 began building wall; became symbol of division between East and West

Question 19

Federal Republic of Germany

Answer 19

West Germany; created in Sept 1949; capital-Bonn

Question 20

German Democratic Republic

Answer 20

East German state; set up by Soviets around Oct.1949; capital-East Berlin

Question 21

Lyndon B. Johnson

Answer 21

1964: increased U.S. troops sent to Vietnam; try to keep South Vietnam out of Communist North control

Question 22

Richard Nixon

Answer 22

elected after Johnson; promise to stop war; 1973: reach agreement with N. Vietnam to withdraw troops