Ch. 9.2 The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes

Question 1

totalitarian state

Answer 1

government that aims to control political, economic, social, intellectual, cultural lives of citizens; want more passive obedience—modern propaganda and communication

Question 2

fascism

Answer 2

political philosophy that glorifies the state above the individual; emphasizes need for strong central government led by dictator; government controls people, opposition is suppressed

Question 3

New Economic Policy (NEP)

Answer 3

March 1921: Lenin abandoned war communism for NEP; modified version of old capitalist system; peasants could sell produce, private industries; save USSR from economic collapse

Question 4

Politburo

Answer 4

seven member committee that made Communist Party policy; fight for power after Lenin’s death; rivalry between Trotsky and Stalin

Question 5

Five-Year Plans

Answer 5

(Stalin) set economic goals for five years; used this instead of NEP; transform Russia from agricultural to industrial; production of armaments and capital goods emphasized

Question 6

collectivization

Answer 6

system in which all private farms are eliminated and the land is owned by the government; peasants have to work the land; peasants resisted—>many died of hunger; took lots of money for Stalin to collectivize

Question 7

Benito Mussolini

Answer 7

1883-1945: Italian dictator; fascist; 1919: created Fascio di Combattimento (League of Combat); 1920/1: formed squadristi (Blackshirts); more famous because of chaos after wwi; became prime minister under King Victor Emmanuel III; official gain of power in 1922; 1926: outlaw other parties and created secret police (OVRA); called Il Duce (the leader); mass propaganda and youth brainwashing; recognized Catholic Church for more support

Question 8

Joseph Stalin

Answer 8

Lenin died 1924; called General Secretary; want to take power and build socialist state in Russia and continue NEP; rival was Leon Trotsky; (Stalin expels him); set up five-year plans; industrialization; rule tightly in USSR

Question 9

Francisco Franco

Answer 9

Spanish general; led revolt against gov’t in 1936 (became civil war); won in war and set up dictatorship; favored large landowners, businesspeople, and Catholic clergy; more authoritarian

Question 10

Vladmir Lenin

Answer 10

died in 1924; created NEP; founded USSR; wanted Trotsky to succeed him

Question 11

Spanish Civil War

Answer 11

began in 1936 with Franco; lots of foreign intervention, especially from Germany and USSR and Italy (other fascist states); ended 1939 when Franco’s forces took Madrid; “dress rehearsal for wwii”

Question 12

Stalin’s purges

Answer 12

1930s: removal of anyone who opposed his will; removed Old Bolsheviks (1936-8), army officials, diplomats, ordinary citizen (ANYONE!!); 8 million Russians arrested and taken to Siberian labor camps or executed

Question 13

authoritarian governments

Answer 13

developed in new Eastern European nations; (ex. Austria, Poland, Czech…); parliamentary systems failed because of little experience with them, the uneducated public, and multiethnic groups; strong traditional power-holders used authoritarian gov’ts to keep power

Question 14

Guernica

Answer 14

destroyed in April 1937 by German bombers; Picasso painted an antiwar piece of Guernica

Question 15

Leon Trotsky

Answer 15

rival of Stalin; favored by Lenin; want to end NEP and launch rapid industrialization (at expense of peasants); want to spread communism