Ch. 10.4 Nationalism in Latin America

Question 1

oligarchy

Answer 1

government ruled by a select group of people

Question 2

Juan Vincent Gomez/Venezuela

Answer 2

dictator in Venezuela; U.S. oil companies were good friends with him (U.S. wants money, Gomez wants power)

Question 3

Good Neighbor policy

Answer 3

1933: Pres. F. D. Roosevelt announced this policy; rejected use of military force in Latin America; withdrew U.S. marines from Haiti (1934)

Question 4

Hipolito Irigoyen/Argentina

Answer 4

leader of Radical Party (formed in 1890 by middle class, rising anger to gov’t); 1916: elected president; many fears: striking industrial workers, corruption; overthrown 1930 by Argentine army (wanted to cut down workers’ power)

Question 5

Getulio Vargas/Brazil

Answer 5

coffee export; wealthy rancher; 1930: military coup—>made him president; rule 1930-45; became dictator (1937); established New State (fascist/authoritarian/bad); stimulate new industries; forced to resign by army in 1945

Question 6

PRI/Mexico

Answer 6

Institutional Revolutionary Party; single party domination; controlled major groups in society; presidential candidate handpicked within PRI (no true elections)

Question 7

Lazaro Cardenas/Mexico

Answer 7

president from 1934-40; distributed land to landless peasants; took strong stand against U.S. (esp. oil); set up PEMEX to run oil industry

Question 8

authoritarianism

Answer 8

1930s: Latin American countries trended toward it; Great Depression and domestic instability led to military dictatorships and special-interest groups in power

Question 9

Diego Rivera

Answer 9

Mexican artist; influenced by frescoes; painted tons of murals; used some European style but wanted to capture his country’s spirit and culture; also had political/social message