Ch. 13.1 Decline of the Soviet Union

Question 1

detente

Answer 1

relaxation of tensions and improved relations (between U.S. and USSR); similar in nuclear arms power

Question 2

dissident

Answer 2

someone who spoke out against the regime; still punished

Question 3

perestroika

Answer 3

restructuring (economic policy and political reform)

Question 4

Mikhail Gorbachev

Answer 4

March 1985: chosen leader of USSR; preached need for reforms; perestroika-more market economy and establish Congress of People’s Deputies (meet in 1989) and change USSR to presidency system; signed INF Treaty (slow down arms race); stopped sending military to Communist gov’ts in Eastern Europe; 1989: revolution swept across these states; 1991: USSR dissolved; resigned on Dec 25, 1991

Question 5

Leonid Brezhnev

Answer 5

he and Alexei Kosygin replaced Khrushchev; dominated in 70s; uninterested in reform; created Brezhnev Doctrine

Question 6

Brezhnev Doctrine

Answer 6

right of Soviet Union to intervene if communism was threatened in another Communist state

Question 7

Ronald Reagan

Answer 7

1980: president of U.S.; worsened relations with USSR; military buildup; aid rebels in Afghanistan to fight USSR

Question 8

Boris Yeltsin

Answer 8

president of Russian Republic; resisted rebel forces in Moscow (Aug 19, 1991: conservative group arrested Gorbachev and try to seize power, Yeltsin resist); introduce free market economy; Chechnyan independence conflict

Question 9

Vladmir Putin

Answer 9

elected 2000; former KGB member; reforms to strengthen economy; hard-line policy in Chechnya (Sept 2004-Beslan school siege)

Question 10

German reunification

Answer 10

Oct 3, 1990: end to Cold War