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Medical Terms > Ch 9--Nervous system > Flashcards

Ch 9--Nervous system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

CNS consists of

A

Spinal cord

Brain

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2
Q

PNS consists of

A

Sensory and motor neurons

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3
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Detect external and internal environmental influences and carry sensory impulses about those influences to the brain

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4
Q

Motor neurons

A

Carry messages called motor impulses from the brain to various parts of the body that result in movement

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5
Q

Neurons

A

The cells that make up nerves

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6
Q

3 functions of nervous system

A

Sensory
Integrative
Motor

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7
Q

Neuroglia

A

Cells found between the neurons. Protect neurons by engulfing unwanted substances. (Phagocytosis) also provide nutrients by attaching blood vessels to neurons

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8
Q

What are the two parts of the nervous system

A

CNS central nervous system

PNS peripheral nervous system

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9
Q

Every neuron has

A

Cell body-maintains the neuron
Axon-transmits electrical impulses
Dendrites-receive information and transmitting it to the cell body

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10
Q

Myelin sheath

A

White fatty covering of some axons. Increases speed of the electrical impulses.

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11
Q

Gli/o

A

Glue

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12
Q

Myelin/o

A

Myelin sheath

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13
Q

Tom/o

A

To cut

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14
Q

-schisis

A

Cleft; splitting

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15
Q

-us

A

Condition; thing

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16
Q

Para-

A

Abnormal

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17
Q

Polio-

A

Gray

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18
Q

Tetra-

A

Four

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19
Q

Cerebellar

A

Pertaining to the cerebellum

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20
Q

Cerebellitis

A

Inflammation of the cerebellum

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21
Q

Cerebro-

A

Brain

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22
Q

Cerebral

A

Pertaining to the brain

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23
Q

Cerebrospinal

A

Pertaining to the brain and spinal cord

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24
Q

Cerebrovascular

A

Pertaining to the brain and blood vessels

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25
Q

Cortic/o

A

Cortex; outer covering

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26
Q

Cortical

A

Pertaining to the cortex

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27
Q

Corticospinal

A

Pertaining to the cerebral cortex and spine

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28
Q

Dur/o

A

Dura mater (one of the membranes surrounding the brain)

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29
Q

Epidural

A

Upon the dura mater

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30
Q

Subdural

A

Under the dura mater

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31
Q

Electroencephalogram

A

Record of the electrical activity of the brain (brain waves)

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32
Q

Electroencephalograph

A

Instrument used to record the electrical activity of the brain.

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33
Q

Encephalitis

A

Inflammation of the brain

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34
Q

Encephalomalacia

A

Softening of the brain

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35
Q

Encephalopathy

A

Any disease of the brain

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36
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Accumulation of fluid in the brain

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37
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging MRI

A

A picture of the brain produced by using magnetic waves

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38
Q

Mening/o

A

Meninges; membrane

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39
Q

Miningoencaphalitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges and brain

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40
Q

Myelogram

A

Record of the spinal cord

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41
Q

Myeloschisis

A

Splitting of the spinal cord

Schisis-splitting

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42
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

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43
Q

Myonueral

A

Pertaining to the muscle and nerve; also known as neuromuscular

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44
Q

Neuralgia

A

Nerve pain

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45
Q

Neurology

A

Study of the nervous system including diseases and treatment

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46
Q

Neurologist

A

Specialist in the study of the diagnosis and treatment of nervous system disorders

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47
Q

Neurolysis

A

Nerve destruction

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48
Q

Polyneuritis

A

Inflammation of many nerves

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49
Q

Radicul/o

A

Nerve roots

50
Q

Myeloradiculitis

A

Inflammation of the spinal cord and nerve roots

51
Q

Spinal tap

A

Insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space below the third lumbar vertebra to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes; also known as lumbar puncture

52
Q

Thalam/o

A

Thalamus

53
Q

Thalamocortical

A

Pertaining to the thalamus and cerebral cortex

54
Q

Ventriculostomy

A

New opening in the ventricles; used to treat hydrocephalus

55
Q

Meningocele

A

Hernia of the meninges; displacement of the meninges from its normal position

56
Q

Myelomeningocele

A

Hernia of the spinal cord and meninges; displacement of the spinal cord and meninges from their normal position

57
Q

-Esthesia

A

Sensation

58
Q

Anesthesia

A

Loss of sensation

59
Q

Hypoesthesia

A

Decreased sensation

60
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

Increased sensation

61
Q

Dysesthesia

A

Irritating sensation in response to normal stimuli

62
Q

Paraesthesia

A

Abnormal sensation such as numbness and tingling

63
Q

Cerebral angiography

A

The cerebral arteries are visualized after injection of a contrast medium

64
Q

Electroencaphalography

A

Process of recording the electrical impulses of the brain

65
Q

Myelography

A

Image of the spinal cord is produced by using X-rays after injection of a contrast medium

66
Q

-Kinesis

A

Movement motion

67
Q

Hyperkinesis

A

Excessive motion hyperactivity

68
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Impaired movement

69
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Slow movement

70
Q

Hematoma

A

Accumulation of blood in a space, organ, or tissue due to a break in the blood vessel; ex epidural and Subdural hematomas

71
Q

Glioma

A

Tumor of neurological cells

72
Q

Meningioma

A

Benign tumor of meninges

73
Q

-Phasia

A

Speech

74
Q

Aphasia

A

No speech

75
Q

Dysphasia

A

Difficult speech

76
Q

Diplegia

A

Paralysis of like extremities on both sides of the body

77
Q

Hemiplagia

A

Paralysis of either the right or left half of the body

78
Q

Monoplegia

A

Paralysis of one extremity

79
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis of the lower part of the body and legs

80
Q

Tetraplegia

A

Paralysis of all four limbs; quadriplegia

81
Q

-taxia

A

Order; coordination

82
Q

Ataxia

A

No muscular coordination (often due to cerebellular dysfunction

83
Q

De-

A

Lack of; removal

84
Q

Demyelination

A

Lack of a myelin sheath; occurs in MS

85
Q

Pachy-

A

Thick

86
Q

Pachymenegitis

A

Inflammation of the pachymeninges. Pachymeninges is another name for dura mater

87
Q

ALS

A

Amytrophic lateral sclerosis (death of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord results in masculine degeneration. Lou Gehrig’s disease

88
Q

BBB

A

Blood/brain barrier

89
Q

CNS

A

Central nervous system

90
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

91
Q

CTS

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

92
Q

CT

A

Computed tomography

93
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalography

94
Q

HNP

A

Herniated nucleus pulposus

95
Q

LP

A

Lumbar puncture

96
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

97
Q

MS

A

Multiple sclerosis

98
Q

PD

A

Parkinson’s disease

99
Q

PET

A

Positron emission tomography

100
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral nervous system

101
Q

Synapses

A

Transmit impulses from neuron to neuron or from neuron to muscle

102
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical that is released when an electrical impulse travels down the neuron and reaches the synapse

103
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest part of the brain. Site of higher intellectual functioning. Divided into right and left hemispheres.

104
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Deep gap that divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres

105
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Bundles of nerve fibers that connect the right and left hemispheres allowing them to share information

106
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Gray matter that covers cerebrum. Involved in sensory motor functions as well as thought, perception and judgement

107
Q

Gyri

Or convolutions

A

Surface of cerebrum. Little gray bulges that look like sausages

108
Q

Sulci

A

Each gyrus is seperated by these shallow grooves

109
Q

Deeper grooves

A

Fissures. Fissures divide the cerebrum into lobes named after the bones that cover them.
Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe

110
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay station for incoming sensory stimuli. Pain temperature touch

111
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Below thalamus. Helps regulate thirst, appetite and temperature

112
Q

Brain stem includes

A 
Midbrain 
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Ancient brain or animal brain
Arousal respiration heart rate blood pressure visual and auditory reflexes.
113
Q

Cerebellum

A

Lies under occipital lobe of the cerebrum and protrudes dorsally. Important for balance muscle coordination and equilibrium.

114
Q

Spinal cord

A

Starts at medulla oblongata, extends through the vertebra, and ends at conus medullaris, from which the nerves extend (cauda equina) 31 pairs extend from the spinal cord (8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal)

115
Q

Meninges

A

3 membranes protect the brain and spinal cord.
Dura mater-outer
Arachnoid membrane-middle
Pia mater-inner

116
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

CSF, colorless liquid that continually circulates within the subarachnoid space

117
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

BBB protective mechanism that prevents toxic substances from entering the brain.

118
Q

There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 Pairs of spinal nerves

A

In the PNS

119
Q

31 pairs of spinal nerves

A 
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral 
1coccygeal
120
Q

Two types of brain tumors

A

Glioma-malignant. Don’t metastasize bc the cells can’t pass through the cranium
Meningiomas-benign rumors located outside brain tissue but still within the cranium.

121
Q

MS

A

Myelin sheath covering the axons in brain and spinal cord are destroyed

122
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges

Medical Terms (18 decks)

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