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Medical Terms > Ch 15--Digestive system > Flashcards

Ch 15--Digestive system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Digestion

A

Process of breaking down food.

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2
Q

Absorption

A

Once food is broken down the molecules move through the wall of the digestive tract into the blood and lymph for distribution

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3
Q

6 regions of the digestive tract

A

Oral cavity (mouth)
Pharynx (throat)
Esophagus
Stomach, Small intestine and large intestine

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4
Q

Accessory organs

A

Salivary glands
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder

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5
Q

Buccal mucosa

A

Inside lining of the mouth

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6
Q

Palate

A

Roof of the mouth

Separates the mouth from the nasal cavity.

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7
Q

Hard palate

A

Anterior portion of palate

Bony

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8
Q

Soft palate

A

Posterior portion of palate

Muscle and connective tissue

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9
Q

Uvula

A

Saclike structure that hangs into the throat and closes off the nasal passage during swallowing

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10
Q

Frenulum

A

Mucous membrane cord that connects the tongue to the bottom of the mouth

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11
Q

Papillae

A

Projections on the surface of the tongue. Aide licking and contain taste buds

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12
Q

4 types of teeth

A

Incisors-front
Canines
Bicuspids-back
Molars

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13
Q

Deciduous teeth

A

20 temporary teeth

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14
Q

From the inside out teeth consist of

A

Pulp, dentin, cementum, enamel

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15
Q

Alveolus

A

Bony socket that anchors the root of teeth

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16
Q

Bolus

A

Softened ball of food

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17
Q

Deglutition

A

Process of swallowing

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18
Q

Epiglottis

A

Small flap of tissue on the voice box. Covers the larynx during swallowing

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19
Q

Esophageal hiatus

A

Opening in the diaphragm

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20
Q

Peristaltic waves

A

Contractions that push the bolus down the stomach.

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21
Q

Food enters the stomach

A

Through the lower esophageal sphincter and leaves the through pyloric sphincter.

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22
Q

Bolus is mixed with

A

Gastric juices to form chyme

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23
Q

Rugae

A

The folds of the stomach walls

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24
Q

4 regions of the stomach

A

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Antrum

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25
Q

Medial curve

A

Lesser curvature

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26
Q

Lateral curve

A

Greater curvature

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27
Q

3 regions of the small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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28
Q

Small intestine

A

1inch in diameter and 21 feet long

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29
Q

Nutrients are absorbed by villi

A

Which protrude from the plicae ciruculares

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30
Q

Waste leaves through

A

Ileocecal valve

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31
Q

Large intestine

A

5 feet long and 2.4 inches in diameter

It absorbs water, vitamin k, and some B vitamins and eliminates waste

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32
Q

Regions of the colon

A

Ascending
Descending
Transverse
Sigmoid

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33
Q

Rectum includes

A

Anal canal
Anus
External and internal sphincters

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34
Q

3 pairs of salivary glands

A

Paranoid
Submandibular
Sublingual

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35
Q

Salvia contains salivary amylase

A

Begins the digestion of carbohydrates

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36
Q

Biliary tract includes

A

Liver
Gall bladder
Hepatic ducts
Cystic duct and common bile duct

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37
Q

The liver

A

Produces bike
Breaks down carbs, fats, and proteins
Stores sugar, vitamins A,D,E and K, iron and cooper, detoxifies harmful substances, synthesizes blood-clotting factors prothrombin and fibrinogen

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38
Q

The gall bladder

A

Stores bile

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39
Q

The pancreas

A

Secretes pancreatic juice, which runs through the pancreatic duct to the duodenum. Also secretes hormones insulin and glucagon which regulate blood sugar

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40
Q

Digestive tract or gastrointestinal tract (GIT)

A

Extends from the mouth to the anus

Take in food, break it down into simpler molecules that can be utilized by the body and eliminate waste.

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41
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Peritoneum lining the abdominopelvic cavity.

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42
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Peritoneum covering the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity

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43
Q

Chol/o

A

Bile; gall

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44
Q

Hiat/o

A

Gape; opening

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45
Q

Intestin/o

A

Intestine

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46
Q

Umbilic/o

A

Navel

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47
Q

-clysis

A

Washing; irrigation

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48
Q

-flux

A

Flow

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49
Q

-lytic

A

Pertaining to destruction, separation, breakdown

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50
Q

-tresia

A

Opening

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51
Q

-tripsy

A

Crushing

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52
Q

Re-

A

Back

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53
Q

Retro-

A

Backward, back

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54
Q

Abdominal

A

Pertaining to the abdomen

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55
Q

An/o

A

Anus

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56
Q

Anorectal

A

Pertaining to the anus and rectum

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57
Q

Perianal

A

Pertaining to around the anus

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58
Q

Append/o; appendic/o

A

Appendix

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59
Q

Appendectomy

A

Surgical removal of the appendix

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60
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix

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61
Q

Bil/o

A

Bile

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62
Q

Biliary

A

Pertaining to bile

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63
Q

Bucc/o

A

Cheek

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64
Q

Buccal mucosa

A

Pertaining to the mucous membrane of the cheek

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65
Q

Cec/o

A

Cecum

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66
Q

Cecopexy

A

Surgical fixation of the cecum

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67
Q

Cheil/o

A

Lips

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68
Q

Cheiloplasty

A

Surgical repair of the lips

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69
Q

Cheilorrhapy

A

Suturing of the lips

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70
Q

Cheilosis

A

Abnormal condition of the lips characterized by deep crack like sores

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71
Q

Cholangi/o

A

Bile duct; bile vessel

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72
Q

Cholangiogram

A

A record of the bile ducts

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73
Q

Cholangiopancreatography

A

Process of recording the bile ducts and pancreas.

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74
Q

Cholecyst/o

A

Gallbladder

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75
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

Excision of the gallbladder

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76
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gall bladder

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77
Q

Choledoch/o

A

Common bile duct (CBD)

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78
Q

Choledochotomy

A

Incision into the common bile duct

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79
Q

Col/o; colon/o

A

Colon

80
Q

Colitis

A

Inflammation of the colon

81
Q

Colocolstomy

A

Creation of a new opening between two segments of the colon

82
Q

Anastomosis

A

Surgical joining of two structures that are normally separate

83
Q

Colostomy

A

Creation of a new opening between the colon and the abdominal wall

84
Q

Dent/o

A

Tooth

85
Q

Edentulous

A

Without teeth; having had teeth but lost them

86
Q

Dental caries

A

Tooth decay

-caries=decay; cavities

87
Q

Duoden/o

A

Duodenum (proximal portion of small intestine)

88
Q

Duodenal

A

Pertaining to the duodenum

89
Q

Enter/o

A

Small intestine; intestine

90
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach and small intestines

91
Q

Gastroenterologist

A

Specialist in the study and treatment of diseases of the digestive tract

92
Q

Esophag/o

A

Esophagus

93
Q

Esophageal atresia

A

Closure of the esophagus
-tresia=opening
A=no not

94
Q

Gastrectomy

A

Excision of the stomach

95
Q

Gastrointestinal

A

Pertaining to the stomach and intestine

96
Q

Gastrotomy

A

To cut into the stomach

97
Q

Nasogastric tube

A

A tube placed into the nose and extending into the stomach for the insertion and withdrawal of substances

98
Q

Gingiv/o lingulo

A

Gums

99
Q

Gingivobuccal

A

Pertaining to the guns and cheeks

100
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflamed gums

101
Q

Glossectomy

A

Excision of the tongue

102
Q

Hepatocellular

A

Pertaining to liver cells

103
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver

104
Q

Hepatoma

A

Tumor of the liver

105
Q

Femoral hernia

A

Displacement of intestines through the femoral canal; more common in females

106
Q

Herniorrhaphy

A

Hernia repair

107
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

Displacement of the stomach above the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity

108
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

Displacement of the intestines through the Inguinal canal; more common in males

109
Q

Umbilical hernia

A

Displacement of intestines through a weak spot in the abdominal wall

110
Q

Ile-o

A

Ileum (distal portion of small intestine)

111
Q

Ileostomy

A

Creation of a new opening between the ileum and the abdominal wall

112
Q

Ileotomy

A

To cut into the ileum

113
Q

Jejun/o

A

Jejunum (middle portion of small intestine)

114
Q

Gastrojejunostomy

A

New opening between the stomach and jejunum; anastomosis between the stomach and jejunum

115
Q

Jejunal

A

Pertaining to the jejunum

116
Q

Labial

A

Pertaining to the lips

117
Q

Labioglossopharygeal

A

Pertaining to the lips, tongue and throat

118
Q

Lapar/o

A

Abdomen

119
Q

Laparoscope

A

Instrument used to visually examine the abdomen

120
Q

Laparoscopy

A

Process of visually examining the inside of the abdomen

121
Q

Laparotomy

A

Incision into the abdominal wall

122
Q

Sublingual

A

Pertaining to under the tongue

123
Q

Lith/o

A

Stone

124
Q

Cholecystolithiasis

A

Condition of stones in the gallbladder

-iasis=abnormal condition

125
Q

Choledocholithiasis

A

Abnormal condition of stones in the common bile duct

126
Q

Litholytic agent

A

Oral drugs used to breakdown gallstones, eliminating the need for surgery

127
Q

Lithotripsy

A

Crushing of gallstones into pebbles tiny enough to be eliminated without surgical removal.
-tripsy=crushing

128
Q

Choledocholithotripsy

A

Crushing of stones in the common bile duct

129
Q

Odont/o

A

Tooth

130
Q

Endodontist

A

Dentist who specialized in the disgnosti said and treatment of diseases within the tooth such as in the pulp

131
Q

Orthodontist

A

Dentist who specializes I. The correction of deformed or maloccluded teeth

132
Q

Periodontist

A

Specialist in diseases of tissues around the tooth such as gums and cementum

133
Q

Orex/I

A

Appetite

134
Q

Anorexia

A

Loss of appetite

135
Q

Or/o

A

Mouth

136
Q

Oral

A

Pertaining to the mouth

137
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

138
Q

Peritone/o

A

Peritoneum

139
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

Life threatening condition often due to a ruptured appendix

140
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Behind the peritoneum

141
Q

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt

A

The use of a shunt to divert cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles to the peritoneum shunt
Ventricul/o=ventricles of the brain

142
Q

Pharyngeal

A

Pertaining to the pharynx

143
Q

Proctologist

A

Specious in the study of the rectum

144
Q

Proctoclysis

A

Irrigation of the rectum

-clysis=washing

145
Q

Pylor/o

A

Pylorus (distal portion of stomach) pyloric sphincter

146
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

Narrowing of pylorus

147
Q

Pylorospasm

A

Sudden involuntary contraction of the pylorus

148
Q

Pyloromyotomy

A

Incision into the pyloric sphincter

149
Q

Rectostenosis

A

Narrowing or structure of the rectum

150
Q

Sial/o

A

Salvia

151
Q

Salivary

A

Pertaining to the salvia

152
Q

Sialaden/o

A

Salivary gland

153
Q

Sialadenitis

A

Inflammation of the salivary gland

154
Q

Sigmoid/o

A

Sigmoid colon

155
Q

Sigmoidoscopy

A

Process of visually examining the sigmoid colon

156
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Discharge of fat in the feces

157
Q

Stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth

158
Q

Visceroptosis

A

Dropping of the internal organs

159
Q

-Chalasia

A

Relaxation

160
Q

Achalasia

A

Inability of the muscles of the digestive tract to relax

161
Q

Retrograde

A

Backward flow, especially of fluid

162
Q

Hyperemesis

A

Excessive vomiting

163
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting of blood

164
Q

Melanemesis

A

Black vomit caused by the mixing of blood with intestinal contents

165
Q

Cholelith

A

Gall stones

166
Q

Sialolith

A

Stone in the salivary gland or duct

167
Q

-lith

A

Stone

168
Q

-phagia

A

Eating; swallowing

169
Q

Aphagia

A

No eating

170
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty in eating

171
Q

Polyphagia

A

Excessive eating

172
Q

-plakia

A

Patches

173
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White patches on the mucous membrane

174
Q

-pepsia

A

Digestion

175
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Indigestion

176
Q

-prandial

A

Meal

177
Q

Postprandial

A

After a meal

178
Q

Endoscopy

A

Process of visually examining the internal body cavities by inserting a tube equipped with a light and lens system

179
Q

BE

A

Barium enema (X-ray of the large bowel following the placement of barium into the rectum.)

180
Q

CBD

A

Common bile duct

181
Q

ERCP

A

Endoscopic retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

182
Q

GB

A

Gallbladder

183
Q

GBS

A

Gallbladder series (type of X-ray)

184
Q

GER

A

Gastroesophageal reflux

185
Q

GERD

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disorder

186
Q

GI

A

Gastrointestinal

187
Q

IVC

A

Intravenous Cholangiogram

188
Q

LES

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

189
Q

NG

A

Nasogastric

190
Q

NGT

A

Nasogastric tube

191
Q

NPO

A

Nothing by mouth

192
Q

PTC

A

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram (X-ray exam of the bile ducts with contrast)

193
Q

S&D

A

Stomach and duodenum

194
Q

TE

A

Tracheoesophageal

195
Q

UGI

A

Upper gastrointestinal

196
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux

A

Backward flow of gastric contents into the esophagus.

Medical Terms (18 decks)

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