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Medical Terms > Ch 15--Digestive system > Flashcards

Ch 15--Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Digestion

A

Process of breaking down food.

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2
Q

Absorption

A

Once food is broken down the molecules move through the wall of the digestive tract into the blood and lymph for distribution

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3
Q

6 regions of the digestive tract

A

Oral cavity (mouth)
Pharynx (throat)
Esophagus
Stomach, Small intestine and large intestine

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4
Q

Accessory organs

A

Salivary glands
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder

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5
Q

Buccal mucosa

A

Inside lining of the mouth

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6
Q

Palate

A

Roof of the mouth

Separates the mouth from the nasal cavity.

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7
Q

Hard palate

A

Anterior portion of palate

Bony

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8
Q

Soft palate

A

Posterior portion of palate

Muscle and connective tissue

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9
Q

Uvula

A

Saclike structure that hangs into the throat and closes off the nasal passage during swallowing

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10
Q

Frenulum

A

Mucous membrane cord that connects the tongue to the bottom of the mouth

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11
Q

Papillae

A

Projections on the surface of the tongue. Aide licking and contain taste buds

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12
Q

4 types of teeth

A

Incisors-front
Canines
Bicuspids-back
Molars

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13
Q

Deciduous teeth

A

20 temporary teeth

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14
Q

From the inside out teeth consist of

A

Pulp, dentin, cementum, enamel

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15
Q

Alveolus

A

Bony socket that anchors the root of teeth

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16
Q

Bolus

A

Softened ball of food

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17
Q

Deglutition

A

Process of swallowing

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18
Q

Epiglottis

A

Small flap of tissue on the voice box. Covers the larynx during swallowing

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19
Q

Esophageal hiatus

A

Opening in the diaphragm

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20
Q

Peristaltic waves

A

Contractions that push the bolus down the stomach.

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21
Q

Food enters the stomach

A

Through the lower esophageal sphincter and leaves the through pyloric sphincter.

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22
Q

Bolus is mixed with

A

Gastric juices to form chyme

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23
Q

Rugae

A

The folds of the stomach walls

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24
Q

4 regions of the stomach

A

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Antrum

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25
Medial curve
Lesser curvature
26
Lateral curve
Greater curvature
27
3 regions of the small intestine
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
28
Small intestine
1inch in diameter and 21 feet long
29
Nutrients are absorbed by villi
Which protrude from the plicae ciruculares
30
Waste leaves through
Ileocecal valve
31
Large intestine
5 feet long and 2.4 inches in diameter | It absorbs water, vitamin k, and some B vitamins and eliminates waste
32
Regions of the colon
Ascending Descending Transverse Sigmoid
33
Rectum includes
Anal canal Anus External and internal sphincters
34
3 pairs of salivary glands
Paranoid Submandibular Sublingual
35
Salvia contains salivary amylase
Begins the digestion of carbohydrates
36
Biliary tract includes
Liver Gall bladder Hepatic ducts Cystic duct and common bile duct
37
The liver
Produces bike Breaks down carbs, fats, and proteins Stores sugar, vitamins A,D,E and K, iron and cooper, detoxifies harmful substances, synthesizes blood-clotting factors prothrombin and fibrinogen
38
The gall bladder
Stores bile
39
The pancreas
Secretes pancreatic juice, which runs through the pancreatic duct to the duodenum. Also secretes hormones insulin and glucagon which regulate blood sugar
40
Digestive tract or gastrointestinal tract (GIT)
Extends from the mouth to the anus | Take in food, break it down into simpler molecules that can be utilized by the body and eliminate waste.
41
Parietal peritoneum
Peritoneum lining the abdominopelvic cavity.
42
Visceral peritoneum
Peritoneum covering the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity
43
Chol/o
Bile; gall
44
Hiat/o
Gape; opening
45
Intestin/o
Intestine
46
Umbilic/o
Navel
47
-clysis
Washing; irrigation
48
-flux
Flow
49
-lytic
Pertaining to destruction, separation, breakdown
50
-tresia
Opening
51
-tripsy
Crushing
52
Re-
Back
53
Retro-
Backward, back
54
Abdominal
Pertaining to the abdomen
55
An/o
Anus
56
Anorectal
Pertaining to the anus and rectum
57
Perianal
Pertaining to around the anus
58
Append/o; appendic/o
Appendix
59
Appendectomy
Surgical removal of the appendix
60
Appendicitis
Inflammation of the appendix
61
Bil/o
Bile
62
Biliary
Pertaining to bile
63
Bucc/o
Cheek
64
Buccal mucosa
Pertaining to the mucous membrane of the cheek
65
Cec/o
Cecum
66
Cecopexy
Surgical fixation of the cecum
67
Cheil/o
Lips
68
Cheiloplasty
Surgical repair of the lips
69
Cheilorrhapy
Suturing of the lips
70
Cheilosis
Abnormal condition of the lips characterized by deep crack like sores
71
Cholangi/o
Bile duct; bile vessel
72
Cholangiogram
A record of the bile ducts
73
Cholangiopancreatography
Process of recording the bile ducts and pancreas.
74
Cholecyst/o
Gallbladder
75
Cholecystectomy
Excision of the gallbladder
76
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gall bladder
77
Choledoch/o
Common bile duct (CBD)
78
Choledochotomy
Incision into the common bile duct
79
Col/o; colon/o
Colon
80
Colitis
Inflammation of the colon
81
Colocolstomy
Creation of a new opening between two segments of the colon
82
Anastomosis
Surgical joining of two structures that are normally separate
83
Colostomy
Creation of a new opening between the colon and the abdominal wall
84
Dent/o
Tooth
85
Edentulous
Without teeth; having had teeth but lost them
86
Dental caries
Tooth decay | -caries=decay; cavities
87
Duoden/o
Duodenum (proximal portion of small intestine)
88
Duodenal
Pertaining to the duodenum
89
Enter/o
Small intestine; intestine
90
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the stomach and small intestines
91
Gastroenterologist
Specialist in the study and treatment of diseases of the digestive tract
92
Esophag/o
Esophagus
93
Esophageal atresia
Closure of the esophagus -tresia=opening A=no not
94
Gastrectomy
Excision of the stomach
95
Gastrointestinal
Pertaining to the stomach and intestine
96
Gastrotomy
To cut into the stomach
97
Nasogastric tube
A tube placed into the nose and extending into the stomach for the insertion and withdrawal of substances
98
Gingiv/o lingulo
Gums
99
Gingivobuccal
Pertaining to the guns and cheeks
100
Gingivitis
Inflamed gums
101
Glossectomy
Excision of the tongue
102
Hepatocellular
Pertaining to liver cells
103
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
104
Hepatoma
Tumor of the liver
105
Femoral hernia
Displacement of intestines through the femoral canal; more common in females
106
Herniorrhaphy
Hernia repair
107
Hiatal hernia
Displacement of the stomach above the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity
108
Inguinal hernia
Displacement of the intestines through the Inguinal canal; more common in males
109
Umbilical hernia
Displacement of intestines through a weak spot in the abdominal wall
110
Ile-o
Ileum (distal portion of small intestine)
111
Ileostomy
Creation of a new opening between the ileum and the abdominal wall
112
Ileotomy
To cut into the ileum
113
Jejun/o
Jejunum (middle portion of small intestine)
114
Gastrojejunostomy
New opening between the stomach and jejunum; anastomosis between the stomach and jejunum
115
Jejunal
Pertaining to the jejunum
116
Labial
Pertaining to the lips
117
Labioglossopharygeal
Pertaining to the lips, tongue and throat
118
Lapar/o
Abdomen
119
Laparoscope
Instrument used to visually examine the abdomen
120
Laparoscopy
Process of visually examining the inside of the abdomen
121
Laparotomy
Incision into the abdominal wall
122
Sublingual
Pertaining to under the tongue
123
Lith/o
Stone
124
Cholecystolithiasis
Condition of stones in the gallbladder | -iasis=abnormal condition
125
Choledocholithiasis
Abnormal condition of stones in the common bile duct
126
Litholytic agent
Oral drugs used to breakdown gallstones, eliminating the need for surgery
127
Lithotripsy
Crushing of gallstones into pebbles tiny enough to be eliminated without surgical removal. -tripsy=crushing
128
Choledocholithotripsy
Crushing of stones in the common bile duct
129
Odont/o
Tooth
130
Endodontist
Dentist who specialized in the disgnosti said and treatment of diseases within the tooth such as in the pulp
131
Orthodontist
Dentist who specializes I. The correction of deformed or maloccluded teeth
132
Periodontist
Specialist in diseases of tissues around the tooth such as gums and cementum
133
Orex/I
Appetite
134
Anorexia
Loss of appetite
135
Or/o
Mouth
136
Oral
Pertaining to the mouth
137
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
138
Peritone/o
Peritoneum
139
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum | Life threatening condition often due to a ruptured appendix
140
Retroperitoneal
Behind the peritoneum
141
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
The use of a shunt to divert cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles to the peritoneum shunt Ventricul/o=ventricles of the brain
142
Pharyngeal
Pertaining to the pharynx
143
Proctologist
Specious in the study of the rectum
144
Proctoclysis
Irrigation of the rectum | -clysis=washing
145
Pylor/o
Pylorus (distal portion of stomach) pyloric sphincter
146
Pyloric stenosis
Narrowing of pylorus
147
Pylorospasm
Sudden involuntary contraction of the pylorus
148
Pyloromyotomy
Incision into the pyloric sphincter
149
Rectostenosis
Narrowing or structure of the rectum
150
Sial/o
Salvia
151
Salivary
Pertaining to the salvia
152
Sialaden/o
Salivary gland
153
Sialadenitis
Inflammation of the salivary gland
154
Sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon
155
Sigmoidoscopy
Process of visually examining the sigmoid colon
156
Steatorrhea
Discharge of fat in the feces
157
Stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth
158
Visceroptosis
Dropping of the internal organs
159
-Chalasia
Relaxation
160
Achalasia
Inability of the muscles of the digestive tract to relax
161
Retrograde
Backward flow, especially of fluid
162
Hyperemesis
Excessive vomiting
163
Hematemesis
Vomiting of blood
164
Melanemesis
Black vomit caused by the mixing of blood with intestinal contents
165
Cholelith
Gall stones
166
Sialolith
Stone in the salivary gland or duct
167
-lith
Stone
168
-phagia
Eating; swallowing
169
Aphagia
No eating
170
Dysphagia
Difficulty in eating
171
Polyphagia
Excessive eating
172
-plakia
Patches
173
Leukoplakia
White patches on the mucous membrane
174
-pepsia
Digestion
175
Dyspepsia
Indigestion
176
-prandial
Meal
177
Postprandial
After a meal
178
Endoscopy
Process of visually examining the internal body cavities by inserting a tube equipped with a light and lens system
179
BE
Barium enema (X-ray of the large bowel following the placement of barium into the rectum.)
180
CBD
Common bile duct
181
ERCP
Endoscopic retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
182
GB
Gallbladder
183
GBS
Gallbladder series (type of X-ray)
184
GER
Gastroesophageal reflux
185
GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disorder
186
GI
Gastrointestinal
187
IVC
Intravenous Cholangiogram
188
LES
Lower esophageal sphincter
189
NG
Nasogastric
190
NGT
Nasogastric tube
191
NPO
Nothing by mouth
192
PTC
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram (X-ray exam of the bile ducts with contrast)
193
S&D
Stomach and duodenum
194
TE
Tracheoesophageal
195
UGI
Upper gastrointestinal
196
Gastroesophageal reflux
Backward flow of gastric contents into the esophagus.

Medical Terms (18 decks)

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