Ch 5--Body systems Flashcards
Dorsal
Back cavity
Ventral
Front cavity
Two main body cavities
Dorsal cavity
Ventral cavity
Dorsal cavity contains:
Cranial cavity
Spinal cavity
Ventral cavity contains:
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic cavities
Diaphragm
Major respiratory muscles
Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
Thoracic Cavity contains:
Heart Lungs Aorta Trachea Esophagus
Abdominal cavity contains:
Stomach
Large and small intestines,Pancreas, Gallbladder, Liver, Spleen, Kidneys
Ureters
Pelvic cavity contains:
Reproductive and urinary organs (excluding kidneys and ureters).
Abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal and pelvic cavities are frequently referred to as one cavity.
Standard anatomical position
Body erect
Arms by the side
Head, palms, and feet facing forward
Superior or cranial
Above; toward the head
The head is superior to the neck
Inferior or caudal
Below: toward the lower end of the body or tail.
Neck is inferior to the head.
Caudal anesthesia is injected in the lower spine.
Anterior or Ventral
Front surface of the body; belly side of the body.
Thoracic cavity is anterior to the spinal cavity.
Posterior or dorsal
Back surface of the body.
The spinal cavity is posterior to the thoracic cavity.
Medial
Toward the midline.
Big toe is medial to the small toe.
Proximal
Primarily used to describe direction on the arms and legs
Nearest point of attachment to the trunk.
Elbow is proximal to the wrist. Wrist is proximal to fingers.
Proximal
Describes directions pertaining to the digestive tract.
Toward the point of origin.
The stomach is proximal to the intestines.
Distal
Farthest from the point of attachment to the trunk. Farthest from the point of origin.
Knee is distal to the hip. Ankle is distal to knee. Intestines are distal to the stomach. Stomach is distal to the throat.
Superficial
Near the surface of the body.
Skin is superficial to the underlying organs.
Deep
Away from the surface of the body.
Muscles are deep to the skin.
Supine
Lying on back, face up. Palms facing front.
Prone
Lying on abdomen. Face down.
Palms face back.
Plantar
Sole of the foot
Dorsum
Upper portion of the foot.
Peripheral
Away from the center
Peripheral nerves are nerves away from the brain and spinal cord.
Frontal; coronal
Separates a structure into anterior (front) and posterior portions.
Sagittal
Separates structure into right and left sides. If it divides into equal portions it is called a midsagittal section.
Transverse; horizontal
Separates a structure into superior and inferior portions.
Anter/o
Front
Caud/o
Tail
Dors/o
Back
Infer/o
Inferior
Inguin/o
Groin
Medi/o
Middle
Phren/o
Diaphragm
Poster/o
Posterior
Proxim/o
Near
Super/o
Superior
Ventr/o
Front
LLQ
Left lower quadrant
LUQ
Left upper quadrant
RLQ
Right lower quadrant
RUQ
Right upper quadrant.
Epigastric
Pertaining to upon the stomach
Hypogastric
Pertaining to below the stomach
Iliac
Pertaining to the hip
Caudal
Pertaining to the tail; toward the tail
Cranial
Pertaining to the skull
Dorsal
Pertaining to the back
Inguinal
Pertaining to the groin
Medial
Pertaining to the middle
Proximal
Pertaining to that which is near a point of reference
Spinal
Pertaining to the spine
Ventral
Pertaining to the front
Visceral
Pertaining to the internal organs
Pelvic
Pertaining to the pelvis
Phrenic
Pertaining to the diaphragm
Thoracic
Pertaining to the chest
Anterior
Pertaining to the front of the body
Inferior
Pertaining to below or in a downward position. A structure below another structure
Posterior
Pertaining to the back of the body
Superior
Pertaining to a structure or organ situated either above another or toward the head