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Medical Terms > Ch 12-Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Ch 12-Cardiovascular system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart

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2
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood toward the heart

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3
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny blood vessels that join the arterial and venous systems and carry blood to the organs

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4
Q

Heart

A

Surrounded by the pericardium (fluid filled sac) located in the thoracic cavity

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5
Q

The heart is connected to

A

The aorta, the inferior and superior venae cavae, and the pulmonary veins and arteries

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6
Q

Heart has four chambers

A

Right and left atria

Right and left ventricles

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7
Q

Septum

A

Separates the right and left sides of the heart

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8
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

Allow blood flow from from atria to ventricles

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9
Q

Right atrioventricular valve

Left atrioventricular valve

A

Tricuspid valve

Bicuspid or mitral valve

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10
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Allow blood to flow from the ventricles to arteries

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11
Q

Pulmonary semilunar valve

A

Allows blood to flow from the right ventricles to the pulmonary artery

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12
Q

Aortic semilunar valve

A

Allows blood to flow from the left ventricle into the aorta

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13
Q

From inside out layers of the heart walls are

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

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14
Q

Pericardium

A

A sac filled with pericardial fluid

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15
Q

Outer covering of the pericardium

A

Parietal layer

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16
Q

Inner lining of the pericardium

A

Visceral layer also epicardium

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17
Q

Conduction system

A

Hearts electrical system

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18
Q

Conduction system consists of

A 
Sinoatrial node SA node or pacemaker
Atrioventricular node 
Atrioventricular bundle 
Right and left bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
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19
Q

SA node (pacemaker)

A

Initiates an impulse, which is sent to the AV node causing the atria to contract, and then to the AV bundle, the right and left bundle branches and Purkinje fibers, causing the ventricle to contract

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20
Q

An ECG shows

A 
P waves (atrial contraction)
QRS waves (ventricular contraction)
T waves (ventricular recovery)
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21
Q

Cardiovascular system (CVS) includes

A 
Heart
Blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries)
It delivers oxygen and nutrients to all of the body's cells, and carries away carbon dioxide and waste products
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22
Q

Constrict/o

A

To draw together

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23
Q

Dilat/o

A

To expand

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24
Q

Angiography

A

Process of recording a blood vessel using X-rays following injection of a contrast medium

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25
Q

Angioplasty

A

Surgical repair of stenosed (narrowed) blood vessels

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26
Q

Angiospasm

A

Sudden involuntary contraction of a blood vessel; vasospasm

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27
Q

Aort/o

A

Aorta

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28
Q

Aortostenosis

A

Narrowing of the aorta

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29
Q

Aortotomy

A

Incision into the aorta

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30
Q

Transaortic

A

Pertaining to across the aorta

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31
Q

Arteriography

A

Process of recording the arteries using X-rays and following injection of a contrast medium

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32
Q

Arteriole

A

Small arteries

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33
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries (due to the loss of elasticity of the arterial walls)

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34
Q

Arteriostenosis

A

Narrowing of an artery

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35
Q

Endarterectomy

A

Removal of the inner lining of the arterial wall

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36
Q

Ather/o

A

Fatty debris; fatty plaque

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37
Q

Atheroma

A

Fatty mass or debris

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38
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Accumulation of fatty debris on the inner arterial walls; a type of arteriosclerosis

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39
Q

Atherectomy

A

Excision or removal of fatty debris (from arterial wall)

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40
Q

Atri/o

A

Atrium (upper chamber of the heart)

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41
Q

Interatrial septum

A

Wall between the atria

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42
Q

Cardi/o

A

Heart

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43
Q

Cardiologist

A

Specialist in the study of the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease and disorders

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44
Q

Cardiology

A

Study of the heart, including the diagnosis and treatment of heart disorders

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45
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlarged heart

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46
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

Record of the electrical activity of the heart

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47
Q

Myocardial

A

Pertaining to the heart muscle

48
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of the heart muscle

49
Q

Pancarditis

A

Inflammation of all the walls of the heart

50
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium

51
Q

Pericardium

A

Structure surrounding the heart

52
Q

Coronary arteries

A

The arteries that supply the heart with blood

53
Q

Echocardiogram

A

Record of the heart produced by high frequency sound waves

54
Q

Coron/o

A

Crown

55
Q

Ech/o

A

Sound

56
Q

Embol/o

A

Plug

57
Q

Embolus

A

A plug of clotted blood that is transported through the bloodstream by the blood current

58
Q

Isch/o

A

Hold back

59
Q

Myocardial ischemia

A

A hold back of blood to the heart and muscle

60
Q

Phelbothrombosis

A

Abnormal condition of clots in a vein

61
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein with clot formation

62
Q

Rhythm/o

A

Rythum

63
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Deviation from the normal heart rhythm

64
Q

Sclerotherapy

A

Injection of a solution into a vein for the purpose of destroying the veins inner lining by hardening. (Effective for varicose veins)

65
Q

Thromb/o

A

Clot

66
Q

Thrombus

A

A blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel

67
Q

Valvul/o

A

Valve

68
Q

Valvuloplasty

A

Surgical repair of a valve

69
Q

Varic/o

A

Twisted and swollen

70
Q

Varicose veins

A

Twisted swollen superficial veins typically of the saphenous vein of the lower leg.

71
Q

Vascul/o

A

Vessel

72
Q

Avascular

A

Pertaining to no blood vessels

73
Q

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

Disturbance in the flow of blood to one or more parts of the brain; commonly known as a stroke

74
Q

Vas/o

A

Vessel

75
Q

Extravasation

A

Escape of fluid into the surrounding tissue; for example, the escape of blood from a blood vessel into the surrounding tissue

76
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Narrowing of a vessel; vasospasm

77
Q

Vasodilation

A

Widening of the vessel; angiectasis

78
Q

Ven/o

A

Vein

79
Q

Venous

A

Pertains to a vein

80
Q

Venule

A

Small vein

81
Q

Ventricul/o

A

Ventricle (lower chamber of the heart)

82
Q

Interventricular septum

A

Pertaining to the wall between the ventricles

83
Q

-ectasis

A

Dilation; dilatation; stretching

84
Q

Angiectasis

A

Dilation of a blood vessel; vasodilation

85
Q

-brady

A

Slow

86
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heartbeat

87
Q

Tachycardia

A

Fast heartbeat

88
Q

Aneurysm

A

Abnormal bulge in the wall of the artery. Most often in brain or aorta. Causes internal hemorrhage which might result in death

89
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

When the heart suddenly stops pumping blood.

90
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Heart attack; death of the heart muscle

91
Q

AV

A

Atrioventricular

92
Q

ASHD

A

Arteriosclerotic heart disease (damage to the heart due to obstruction of the coronary artery)

93
Q

BP

A

Blood pressure

94
Q

CABG

A

Coronary artery bypass graft

95
Q

CAD

A

Coronary artery disease

96
Q

CCU

A

Cardiac/coronary care unit

97
Q

CHF

A

Congestive heart failure

98
Q

CPR

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

99
Q

CV

A

Cardiovascular

100
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular accident

101
Q

ECG; EKG

A

Electrocardiogram

102
Q

HHD

A

Hypertensive heart disease

103
Q

IVC

A

Inferior venae cavae

104
Q

LA

A

Left atrium

105
Q

LV

A

Left ventricle

106
Q

MI

A

Myocardial infarction

107
Q

MVP

A

Mitral valve prolapse

108
Q

PVC

A

Premature ventricular contraction

109
Q

RA

A

Right atrium

110
Q

RV

A

Right ventricle

111
Q

SA

A

Sinoatrial

112
Q

SVC

A

Superior venae cavae

113
Q

Systolic pressure

A

Pressure against the walls of the artery during ventricular contraction

114
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

Pressure against the walls of the artery during ventricular relaxation

115
Q

P wave

A

Registers atrial contraction

116
Q

Arteries and veins are named

A

According to the structure through which they pass

Medical Terms (18 decks)

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