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Medical Terms > Ch 14--The Respiratory System > Flashcards

Ch 14--The Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Dilat/o

A

Widening dilation

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2
Q

Oligo-

A

Scanty; few

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3
Q

Adenoid/o

A

Adenoids

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4
Q

Adenoidectomy

A

Excision of the adenoids

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5
Q

Alveol/o

A

Alveoli; air sacs

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6
Q

Alveolar

A

Pertaining to the alveoli

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7
Q

Alveolitis

A

Inflammation of the alveoli

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8
Q

Bronchi/o; bronch/o

A

Bronchus

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9
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Dilation of the bronchus

Ectasis-dilation; stretching

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10
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchus

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11
Q

Bronchodilator

A

Drugs that dilate the bronchus to relive bronchospasm

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12
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

Process of visually examining the bronchus

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13
Q

Bronchospasm

A

Sudden involuntary contraction of the bronchus

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14
Q

Bronchiogenic carcinoma

A

A malignant tumor of the lung that originates in the bronchi; most common form of lung cancer

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15
Q

Bronchiol/o

A

Bronchioles; small bronchi

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16
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchioles

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17
Q

Laryng/o

A

Larynx; voice box

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18
Q

Laryngeal

A

Pertaining to the voice box

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19
Q

Laryngospasm

A

Sudden involuntary contraction of the voice box

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20
Q

Lob/o

A

Lobe

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21
Q

Lobar

A

Pertaining to the love of the lung

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22
Q

Lobectomy

A

Excision of a lobe of the lung

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23
Q

Mediastin/o

A

Mediastinum (cavity between the lungs)

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24
Q

Mediastinoscopy

A

Process of visually examining mediastinum

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25
Q

Muc/o

A

Mucus (a sticky, thick secretion of mucous membrane)

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26
Q

Mucolytic

A

Drugs used to break down thick mucous so it can be coughed up

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27
Q

Nasolacrimal

A

Pertaining to the nose and lacrimal apparatus

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28
Q

Nasopharyngeal

A

Pertaining to the nasopharynx (portion of the pharynx located behind the nose)

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29
Q

Ox/o; ox/I

A

Oxygen

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30
Q

Anoxia

A

Lack of oxygen

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31
Q

Hypoxia

A

Deficiency of oxygen

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32
Q

Oximeter

A

The instrument used to measure the percentage of hemoglobin In arterial blood saturated w oxygen

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33
Q

Pector/o

A

Chest

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34
Q

Pectoral

A

Pertaining to the chest

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35
Q

Expectoration

A

Process of coughing out materials from the lungs

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36
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Pharynx; throat

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37
Q

Pharyngoglossal

A

Pertaining to the pharynx and tongue

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38
Q

Oropharyngeal

A

Pertaining to the mouth and pharynx

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39
Q

Phren/o

A

Diaphragm

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40
Q

Phrenic

A

Pertaining the diaphragm

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41
Q

Phrenotomy

A

Process of cutting into the diaphragm

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42
Q

Pleur/a; pleur/o

A

Pleura; pleural cavity

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43
Q

Pleuralgia

A

Pain in the pleura

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44
Q

Pneumatic

A

Pertaining to air or respiration

Pneumat/o=pertaining to air or respiration

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45
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Abnormal condition of dust in the lung; black lung
Coni/o-dust
Pneumon/o-lung

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46
Q

Pneumopleuritis

A

Inflammation of the lungs and pleura

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47
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the lung; also known as pneumonitis

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48
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Accumulation of excess fluid in the lungs

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49
Q

Otorhinolaryngology

A

The study of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT)

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50
Q

Rhinitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose

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51
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Discharge from the nose

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52
Q

Rhinoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the nose; plastic surgery on the nose for cosmetic or reconstructive purposes; a nose job

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53
Q

Pansinusitis

A

Inflammation of all the paranasal sinuses

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54
Q

Sinusotomy

A

Process of cutting into the sinus

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55
Q

Spir/o

A

Breathing

56
Q

Spirometer

A

Instrument used to measure airflow and volume into and out of the lungs

57
Q

Spirometry

A

Process of measuring airflow and volume into and out of the lungs

58
Q

Steth/o

A

Chest

59
Q

Stethoscope

A

Instrument used to listen to chest sounds

60
Q

Thoracocentesis

A

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural cavity; aka Thoracentesis, pleurocentesis, and pleurocentesis

61
Q

Thoracodynia

A

Chest pain

62
Q

Thoracoplasty

A

Surgical reconstruction of the thorax

63
Q

Thoracotomy

A

Process of cutting into the chest

64
Q

Tonsillar

A

Pertaining to the tonsils

65
Q

Tonsillectomy

A

Excision of the tonsils

66
Q

Tonsillotome

A

Instrument used to cut the tonsils

67
Q

Endotracheal

A

Pertaining to within the trachea

68
Q

Laryngotracheobronchitis

A

Inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchus; also known as croup

69
Q

Tracheoesophageal

A

Pertaining to the trachea and esophagus

70
Q

Tracheostomy

A

New opening into the trachea is created through the neck and a tube is inserted to assist breathing.

71
Q

Tracheotomy

A

Process of cutting into the trachea

72
Q

-capnia

A

Carbon dioxide

73
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Excessive amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood

74
Q

Hypocapnia

A

Decreased amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood

75
Q

Bronchography

A

Process of producing an image of the bronchi following injection of a contrast medium

76
Q

Pulmonary angiography

A

Process of producing an image of the blood vessels of the lung following injection of a contrast medium

77
Q

-phonia

A

Voice

78
Q

Aphonia

A

Loss of voice

79
Q

Dysphonia

A

Difficulty in speaking

80
Q

-Pnea

A

Breathing

81
Q

Apnea

A

No breathing

82
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow breathing

83
Q

Dyspnea

A

Painful breathing

84
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal breathing

85
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Abnormal increase in the depth and rate of breathing

86
Q

Oligopnea

A

Infrequent breathing

87
Q

Orthopnea

A

Breathing only in an upright position

88
Q

Tachypnea

A

Fast breathing

89
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Spitting up of blood

90
Q

Hemothorax

A

Blood in the pleural cavity

91
Q

Hydrothorax

A

Watery fluid in the pleural cavity

92
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Collection of air in the pleural cavity

93
Q

Pyothorax

A

Pus In the pleural cavity; aka empyema

94
Q

-sphyxia

A

Pulse

95
Q

Asphyxia

A

Lack of oxygen to body tissues; can interfere with respiration and eventually lead to a loss of pulse

96
Q

Coni/o

A

Dust

97
Q

AP

A

Anteroposterior

98
Q

CO2

A

Carbon dioxide

99
Q

CXR

A

Chest X-ray

100
Q

ERV

A

Expiratory reserve volume (test of pulmonary function)

101
Q

IRV

A

Inspiratory reserve volume (test of respiratory function)

102
Q

O2

A

Oxygen

103
Q

PA

A

Posteroanterior

104
Q

PCP

A

Pneumocystis carinii

105
Q

PFT

A 
Pulmonary function tests (various using a spirometer)
TV-tidal volume
iTV
ERV
RV
106
Q

R

A

Respiration

107
Q

RV

A

Residual valine (PFT)

108
Q

SOA

A

Shortness of air

109
Q

SOB

A

Shortness of breath

110
Q

T&A

A

Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy

111
Q

TV

A

Tidal volume (PFT)

112
Q

URI

A

Upper respiratory infection

113
Q

URT

A

Upper respiratory tract

114
Q

Respiration

A

Breathing
Occurs when oxygen is inhaled into the lungs from the air and passes into the blood. CO2 moves from the blood to the lungs and is exhaled into the air.

115
Q

Inhalation

A

Inspiration

Breathing in

116
Q

Exhalation

A

Breathing out

Expiration

117
Q

Structures of respiratory system

A 
Nose and nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
118
Q

External nares

A

Nostrils. Allow inspiration and expiration

119
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Extends from external nares to the pharynx. Divided by the nasal septum.
Warms and moistens air, provides sense of smell.

120
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A 
Lighten the skull, moisten air
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillary
121
Q

Pharynx

A 
Throat.
Consists of:
Nasopharynx 
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
122
Q

Nasopharynx

A 
Posterior to the nasal cavity
Contains internal nares opening into the nasal cavity and openings into the Eustachian tube
Contains adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils)
123
Q

Oropharynx

A

Posterior to the oral cavity.

Contains palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils

124
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Opens into the larynx and esophagus

125
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box

126
Q

Adam’s apple

A

Shield of cartilage protecting inner structures.

127
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap that swings up and down like a kid covering the opening of the air passage during swallowing

128
Q

Vocal cords

A

Mucous membrane containing a slit called the glottis (sound is produced as air moves in and out)
Vibration of vocal cords produces sound

129
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe
Connecting the bronchi
Consists of muscle and c-shaped cartilage, lined with mucous and cilia

130
Q

In the lungs

A

Two primary bronchi divide into secondary and tertiary bronchi which connect to bronchioles

131
Q

Paroxysmal Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing of an off and on nature

132
Q

Lungs

A

Lie in the thoracic cavity

133
Q

Apex

Base

A

Top of the lung

Bottom of the lung

134
Q

Right lung

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior lobes

135
Q

Left lung

A

Superior and

Inferior

136
Q

Respiratory bronchioles

A

Connect by alveolar ducts with the alveoli, which are tiny balloons responsible for gas exchange with the pulmonary capillaries

Medical Terms (18 decks)

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