Ch 11--Endocrine system Flashcards
1
Q
Radi/o
A
Radioactive
2
Q
-genesis
A
Production
3
Q
-gen
A
Producing
4
Q
Eu-
A
Normal; good
5
Q
Acr/o
A
Extremity; top
6
Q
Acromegaly
A
Enlargement of many skeletal structures, including the extremities, nose, forehead, and jaw
7
Q
Adenoma
A
Benign tumor of a gland
8
Q
Adrenal/o; adren/o
A
Adrenal
9
Q
Adrenalectomy
A
Excision of the adrenal gland
10
Q
Andr/o
A
Male; man
11
Q
Androgen
A
Substance producing male characteristics such as the hormone testosterone
12
Q
Calc/o
A
Calcium
13
Q
Hypercalcemia
A
Excessive amounts of calcium in the blood
14
Q
Crin/o
A
To secrete
15
Q
Endocrinologist
A
Specialist in the study of the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the endocrine glands and their hormones
16
Q
Endocrinology
A
The study of the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine disorders
17
Q
Estr/o
A
Female
18
Q
Estrogen
A
Female sex hormones
19
Q
Gluc/o
A
Sugar
20
Q
Glucogenesis
A
Production of sugar
21
Q
Gluconeogenesis
A
Production of sugar from fats and proteins
22
Q
Glyc/o
A
Sugar
23
Q
Glycolysis
A
Breakdown of sugars
24
Q
Hyperglycemia
A
Excessive amounts of sugar in the blood
25
Hypoglycemia
Deficient amounts of sugar in the blood
26
Glycogen/o
Glycogen (storage form of sugar)
27
Glycogenolysis
Breakdown of glycogen to form glucose
28
Gonad/o
Gonads; sex glands (testes and ovaries)
29
Hypergonadism
Condition characterized by excessive secretion of gonadal hormones (resulting in early sexual development)
30
Gynec/o
Woman
31
Gynecomastia
Abnormal enlargement of the male breast
32
Home/o
Same
33
Homeostasis
A balanced yet sometimes varying state
34
Insulin/o
Insulin
35
Hypoinsulinism
Condition characterized by decreased amounts of insulin secretion (resulting in hyperglycemia)
36
Kal/o
Potassium
37
Hyperkalemia
Excessive amounts of calcium in the blood
38
Natr/o
Sodium
39
Hyponatremia
Deficient amounts of sodium in the blood
40
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
41
Pancreatogenic
Produced by the pancreas
42
Parathyroid/o
Parathyroid gland
43
Hyperparathyroidism
Condition characterized by excessive secretion of parathormone (resulting in loss of calcium from the bone)
44
Pituitar/o
Pituitary gland
45
Panhypopituitarism
Condition characterized by a deficiency of all pituitary hormones (resulting in dwarfism and a deterioration of secondary sex characteristics)
46
Thyr/o ; thyroid/o
Thyroid gland; shield
47
Euthyroid
Normal thyroid gland
| Eu-normal good
48
Hyperthyroidism
Condition characterized by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones (resulting in goiter, enlarged thyroid gland, and exophthalmos, an abnormal protrusion of the eyes)
49
Thyroiditis
Inflammation of the thyroid gland
50
Thyrotomy
Process of cutting into the thyroid gland
51
Ure/o
Urea (end product of protein breakdown, found in urine)
52
Antidiuretic hormone
A hormone that prevents loss of excessive amounts of urine
53
-assay
Analysis of a mixture to identify its contents
54
Radioimmunoassay
Blood test used to identify hormonal levels in blood plasma. The hormones are labeled with a radioactive substance
55
-crine
To secrete
56
Endocrine hormones
Hormones secreted by the endocrine glands into the blood stream
57
Exocrine glands
Glands that secrete chemicals into ducts
58
-dipsia
Thirst
59
Polydipsia
Excessive thirst
60
-physis
To grow
61
Adenohypophysis
Another name for anterior pituitary gland. So named bc the anterior pituitary is made of glandular tissue
62
Neurohypophysis
Another name for posterior pituitary gland. The root indicates that the posterior pituitary is made up of neural tissue
63
-tropic
Stimulating
64
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and secrete its own hormones
65
Gonadotropic hormone
Pituitary hormone that stimulates the gonads to produce and secrete their own hormones
66
Somatotrophic hormone
Pituitary hormone that stimulates growth of body tissues
| Somat/o-body
67
Oxy-
Sharp; quick
68
Oxytocin
Pituitary hormone that quickens childbirth by causing uterine contractions
Tocin-labor
69
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
70
ADH
Antidiuretic hormone
71
Ca
Calcium; cancer
72
FSH
Follicle stimulating hormone
73
GH
Growth hormone
74
K
Potassium
75
LH
Luteinizing hormone
76
MSH
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
77
Na
Sodium
78
OT
Oxytocin
79
P
Phosphorus
80
PRL
Prolactin
81
PTH
Parathyroid hormone (parathormone)
82
RIA
Radioimmunoassay
83
T3
Triiodothyronine
84
T4
Thyroxine
85
TFT
Thyroid function tests
86
TRH
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
87
TSH
Thyroid stimulating hormone
88
Immun/o
Safe
89
Hormones
Powerful chemicals secreted by the endocrine system
90
Endocrine system consists of
```
Hypothalamus
Pituitary, thyroid
Parathyroids, adrenals
Pineal and pancreas
Glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream for delivery to the target organ.
```
91
Exocrine glands
Secrete chemicals into ducts which then deliver secretions to the target site. Sweat glands
92
The pancreas
Has both endocrine and exocrine functions. Other endocrine glands have no ducts
93
Central endocrine glands are
Hypothalamus and pituitary
94
Peripheral endocrine glands
```
Thyroid
Pineal
Parathyroids
Pancreas
Adrenals
```
95
Neurohormones
Hormones secreted from neural tissue instead of glandular tissue. Produced by the hypothalamus
96
Tropic hormones
Neurohormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary to secrete its own hormones
97
Hypothalamus also secretes
Antidiuretic hormone
And oxytocin
These are not tropic hormones; they do not cause the posterior pituitary to release other hormones
98
Infundibulum
Stalk that the pituitary gland hangs from
99
Anterior pituitary secretes seven hormones
```
5 tropic hormones:
ACTH-
Growth hormone GH
TSH
FSH
LH
And prolactin and MSH
```
100
Posterior pituitary
Stores and secretes
ADH Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
OT oxytocin
101
Isthmus
Separates thyroid into right and left lobes
102
Thyroid
In throat area
Produces t3 and t4 which regulate metabolic rate and increase energy production
Secretes calcitonin which regulates blood calcium levels
103
Parathyroid glands
4 glands, 2 on each of the thyroid lobes. Secrete parathyroid hormone also called parathormone. PTH contributes to the regulation of calcium and phosphorus
104
Adrenal glands
Two parts: adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
105
Adrenal cortex secretes 3 groups of hormones
Mineralocortoids-aldosterone is most important. Regulates sodium and potassium.
Glucocortoids-cortisol is most important.
Sex hormones-estrogens and androgens
106
Adrenal medulla
Produces adrenaline and noradrenaline (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
Collectively called catecholamines
107
Pineal gland
Located deep I the brain and secretes melatonin
108
Pancreas
Lies near stomach
Exocrine and endocrine functions
Endocrine functions are to produce insulin and glucagon
Insulin converts glucose into its storage form, glycogen and stim absorption of sugar by body cells
Glucagon reconverts the glycogen into glucose when the body needs sugar
