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Medical Terms > Ch 11--Endocrine system > Flashcards

Ch 11--Endocrine system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Radi/o

A

Radioactive

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2
Q

-genesis

A

Production

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3
Q

-gen

A

Producing

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4
Q

Eu-

A

Normal; good

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5
Q

Acr/o

A

Extremity; top

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6
Q

Acromegaly

A

Enlargement of many skeletal structures, including the extremities, nose, forehead, and jaw

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7
Q

Adenoma

A

Benign tumor of a gland

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8
Q

Adrenal/o; adren/o

A

Adrenal

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9
Q

Adrenalectomy

A

Excision of the adrenal gland

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10
Q

Andr/o

A

Male; man

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11
Q

Androgen

A

Substance producing male characteristics such as the hormone testosterone

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12
Q

Calc/o

A

Calcium

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13
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Excessive amounts of calcium in the blood

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14
Q

Crin/o

A

To secrete

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15
Q

Endocrinologist

A

Specialist in the study of the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the endocrine glands and their hormones

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16
Q

Endocrinology

A

The study of the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine disorders

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17
Q

Estr/o

A

Female

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18
Q

Estrogen

A

Female sex hormones

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19
Q

Gluc/o

A

Sugar

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20
Q

Glucogenesis

A

Production of sugar

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21
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

Production of sugar from fats and proteins

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22
Q

Glyc/o

A

Sugar

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23
Q

Glycolysis

A

Breakdown of sugars

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24
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Excessive amounts of sugar in the blood

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25
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Deficient amounts of sugar in the blood

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26
Q

Glycogen/o

A

Glycogen (storage form of sugar)

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27
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

Breakdown of glycogen to form glucose

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28
Q

Gonad/o

A

Gonads; sex glands (testes and ovaries)

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29
Q

Hypergonadism

A

Condition characterized by excessive secretion of gonadal hormones (resulting in early sexual development)

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30
Q

Gynec/o

A

Woman

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31
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Abnormal enlargement of the male breast

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32
Q

Home/o

A

Same

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33
Q

Homeostasis

A

A balanced yet sometimes varying state

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34
Q

Insulin/o

A

Insulin

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35
Q

Hypoinsulinism

A

Condition characterized by decreased amounts of insulin secretion (resulting in hyperglycemia)

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36
Q

Kal/o

A

Potassium

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37
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Excessive amounts of calcium in the blood

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38
Q

Natr/o

A

Sodium

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39
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Deficient amounts of sodium in the blood

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40
Q

Pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

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41
Q

Pancreatogenic

A

Produced by the pancreas

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42
Q

Parathyroid/o

A

Parathyroid gland

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43
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

Condition characterized by excessive secretion of parathormone (resulting in loss of calcium from the bone)

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44
Q

Pituitar/o

A

Pituitary gland

45
Q

Panhypopituitarism

A

Condition characterized by a deficiency of all pituitary hormones (resulting in dwarfism and a deterioration of secondary sex characteristics)

46
Q

Thyr/o ; thyroid/o

A

Thyroid gland; shield

47
Q

Euthyroid

A

Normal thyroid gland

Eu-normal good

48
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Condition characterized by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones (resulting in goiter, enlarged thyroid gland, and exophthalmos, an abnormal protrusion of the eyes)

49
Q

Thyroiditis

A

Inflammation of the thyroid gland

50
Q

Thyrotomy

A

Process of cutting into the thyroid gland

51
Q

Ure/o

A

Urea (end product of protein breakdown, found in urine)

52
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

A hormone that prevents loss of excessive amounts of urine

53
Q

-assay

A

Analysis of a mixture to identify its contents

54
Q

Radioimmunoassay

A

Blood test used to identify hormonal levels in blood plasma. The hormones are labeled with a radioactive substance

55
Q

-crine

A

To secrete

56
Q

Endocrine hormones

A

Hormones secreted by the endocrine glands into the blood stream

57
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Glands that secrete chemicals into ducts

58
Q

-dipsia

A

Thirst

59
Q

Polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst

60
Q

-physis

A

To grow

61
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

Another name for anterior pituitary gland. So named bc the anterior pituitary is made of glandular tissue

62
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

Another name for posterior pituitary gland. The root indicates that the posterior pituitary is made up of neural tissue

63
Q

-tropic

A

Stimulating

64
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and secrete its own hormones

65
Q

Gonadotropic hormone

A

Pituitary hormone that stimulates the gonads to produce and secrete their own hormones

66
Q

Somatotrophic hormone

A

Pituitary hormone that stimulates growth of body tissues

Somat/o-body

67
Q

Oxy-

A

Sharp; quick

68
Q

Oxytocin

A

Pituitary hormone that quickens childbirth by causing uterine contractions
Tocin-labor

69
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

70
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone

71
Q

Ca

A

Calcium; cancer

72
Q

FSH

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

73
Q

GH

A

Growth hormone

74
Q

K

A

Potassium

75
Q

LH

A

Luteinizing hormone

76
Q

MSH

A

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

77
Q

Na

A

Sodium

78
Q

OT

A

Oxytocin

79
Q

P

A

Phosphorus

80
Q

PRL

A

Prolactin

81
Q

PTH

A

Parathyroid hormone (parathormone)

82
Q

RIA

A

Radioimmunoassay

83
Q

T3

A

Triiodothyronine

84
Q

T4

A

Thyroxine

85
Q

TFT

A

Thyroid function tests

86
Q

TRH

A

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

87
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

88
Q

Immun/o

A

Safe

89
Q

Hormones

A

Powerful chemicals secreted by the endocrine system

90
Q

Endocrine system consists of

A 
Hypothalamus
Pituitary, thyroid
Parathyroids, adrenals
Pineal and pancreas
Glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream for delivery to the target organ.
91
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secrete chemicals into ducts which then deliver secretions to the target site. Sweat glands

92
Q

The pancreas

A

Has both endocrine and exocrine functions. Other endocrine glands have no ducts

93
Q

Central endocrine glands are

A

Hypothalamus and pituitary

94
Q

Peripheral endocrine glands

A 
Thyroid
Pineal
Parathyroids
Pancreas
Adrenals
95
Q

Neurohormones

A

Hormones secreted from neural tissue instead of glandular tissue. Produced by the hypothalamus

96
Q

Tropic hormones

A

Neurohormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary to secrete its own hormones

97
Q

Hypothalamus also secretes

A

Antidiuretic hormone
And oxytocin
These are not tropic hormones; they do not cause the posterior pituitary to release other hormones

98
Q

Infundibulum

A

Stalk that the pituitary gland hangs from

99
Q

Anterior pituitary secretes seven hormones

A 
5 tropic hormones:
ACTH-
Growth hormone GH 
TSH
FSH 
LH 
And prolactin and MSH
100
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Stores and secretes
ADH Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
OT oxytocin

101
Q

Isthmus

A

Separates thyroid into right and left lobes

102
Q

Thyroid

A

In throat area
Produces t3 and t4 which regulate metabolic rate and increase energy production
Secretes calcitonin which regulates blood calcium levels

103
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

4 glands, 2 on each of the thyroid lobes. Secrete parathyroid hormone also called parathormone. PTH contributes to the regulation of calcium and phosphorus

104
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Two parts: adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

105
Q

Adrenal cortex secretes 3 groups of hormones

A

Mineralocortoids-aldosterone is most important. Regulates sodium and potassium.
Glucocortoids-cortisol is most important.
Sex hormones-estrogens and androgens

106
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Produces adrenaline and noradrenaline (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
Collectively called catecholamines

107
Q

Pineal gland

A

Located deep I the brain and secretes melatonin

108
Q

Pancreas

A

Lies near stomach
Exocrine and endocrine functions
Endocrine functions are to produce insulin and glucagon
Insulin converts glucose into its storage form, glycogen and stim absorption of sugar by body cells
Glucagon reconverts the glycogen into glucose when the body needs sugar

Medical Terms (18 decks)

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