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Medical Terms > Ch 7--Skeletal System > Flashcards

Ch 7--Skeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Other bone cells that break down and reabsorb remaining material of osteocytes

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2
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Create new bone cells

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3
Q

Ossification or osteogenesis

A

Process of bone formation

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4
Q

Why is there a continual turnover of bone?

A

To ensure bone tissue remains strong and that bones mold themselves to match the stress put on them

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5
Q

Remodeling

A

The breakdown and renewal of bone

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6
Q

What makes up the axial skeleton

A

Skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, and hyoid bone.

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7
Q

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

A

Pectoral and pelvic girdles and the arms and legs

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8
Q

The cranial bones are:

A

Frontal bones, parietal bones
Occipital bones, temporal bones
Sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone

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9
Q

The facial bones are

A

Nasal bones, zygomatic bones
Vomer, maxilla
Mandible, nasal conchae (turbinates)
Lacrimal bones

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10
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells. Limited life span

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11
Q

Vertebral column

A

33 vertebra
Breakfast at 7 (7 cervical), lunch at noon (12 thoracic) and dinner at 5 (5 lumbar. A slipped disc is called a herniated disc.

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12
Q

Annulus fibrosus

A

Tough outer layer of cartilage in the discs.

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13
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A

Soft gel like inner portion of the disc.

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14
Q

Thoracic Cage

A

Sternum, 12 pairs of ribs

Costal cartilage, and thoracic vertebra.

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15
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Collarbones or clavicles, and shoulder blades or scapulae

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16
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Two coxal bones; joined anteriorly at the symphysis pubis and posteriorly at the sacrum.

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17
Q

Coxal bones

A

Hip bones

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18
Q

Three fused segments that make up the hip bone

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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19
Q

Acetabulum

A

Hip socket

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20
Q

Sacroiliac joint

A

Joint Where the hip bone joins posteriorly with the sacrum.

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21
Q

Upper extremity consists of

A

Humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

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22
Q

Upper arm bones

A

Humerus

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23
Q

Two lower arm bones

A

Ulna

Radius

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24
Q

Elbow

A

Olecranon process

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25
Q

Lower extremity consists of

A

Femur, patella
Fibula, tibia
Tarsals, metatarsals
Phalanges

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26
Q

Bones of the leg

A

Femur (thighbone)
Patella (knee)
Tibia (shin)
Fibula (lateral bone in lower leg)

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27
Q

Medial malleolus

A

Projection bump on distal tibia

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28
Q

Lateral malleolus

A

Projection (bump) on distal FIBULA

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29
Q

Bones of the foot

A

Tarsals (ankle bones)
Metatarsals (foot bones)
Phalanges (toes)
Calcaneus (heel)

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30
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Covers end of the bones, preventing friction and allowing painless movement.

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31
Q

Joint is

A

Union between two bones

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32
Q

Joint structures consist of

A

Articular cartilage
Joint cavity
Synovial fluid, synovial membrane
Joint capsule

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33
Q

Joints are named after the bones that form the union

A

Ex: radiocarpal joint-joint between wrist and radius.

Iliofemoral joint-joint between ilium and femur

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34
Q

Kyph/o

A

Humpback

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35
Q

Lord/o

A

Swayback

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36
Q

Ped/o

A

Child

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37
Q

Scoli/o

A

Curved

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38
Q

Tempor/o

A

Temporal bone

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39
Q

-porosis

A

Porous

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40
Q

Myeloma

A

Benign tumor of the bone marrow

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41
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of bone and bone marrow

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42
Q

Osteitis

A

Inflammation of the bone

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43
Q

Osteochondritis

A

Inflammation of the bone and cartilage

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44
Q

Osteocyte

A

Mature bone cell

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45
Q

Osteoma

A

Benign tumor of bone

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46
Q

Ostetome

A

Instrument used to cut bone

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47
Q

Osteotomy

A

Process of cutting bone

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48
Q

Endosteum

A

Inner lining of the shaft of a long bone such as the tibia or ulna
-um structure
Endo-within

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49
Q

Periosteum

A

The structure around the shaft of a long bone.

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50
Q

Crainofacial

A

Pertaining to the skull and face

Faci/o=face

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51
Q

Cranioplasty

A

Surgical repair of the skull

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52
Q

Craniotomy

A

Incision into the skull

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53
Q

Mandibular

A

Pertaining to the lower jaw

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54
Q

Temporomandibular joint

A

Pertaining to the joint between the temporal bone and the lower jaw.

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55
Q

Maxillary

A

Pertaining to the upper jaw

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56
Q

Achondroplasia

A

Inadequate cartilage formation resulting in a type of dwarfism

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57
Q

Chondrocyte

A

Cartilage cell

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58
Q

Chondroma

A

Benign tumor of the cartilage

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59
Q

Costochondral

A

Pertaining to the ribs and cartilage

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60
Q

Subcostal

A

Pertaining to under the ribs

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61
Q

Stern/o

A

Sternum; breastbone

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62
Q

Costosternal

A

Pertaining to the ribs and sternum

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63
Q

Sternotomy

A

Process of cutting the sternum

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64
Q

Xiph/o

A

Sword

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65
Q

Xiphoid

A

Distal portion of the sternum; literally means resembling a sword

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66
Q

Cervical

A

Pertaining to the neck

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67
Q

Coccygeal

A

Pertaining to the tailbone

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68
Q

Lumbodynia

A

Pain in the lower back, also known as lumbago

69
Q

Lumbosacral joint

A

Pertaining to the joint between the L5 and the sacrum

70
Q

Sacr/o

A

Sacrum

71
Q

Sacrococcygeal joint

A

Pertaining to the joint between the sacrum and the coccyx

72
Q

Coccyg/o

A

Coccyx; tailbone

73
Q

Spondylitis

A

Inflammation of the vertebra

74
Q

Spondlypathy

A

Any disease of vertebra

75
Q

Thoracolumbar

A

Pertaining to the chest and lower back

76
Q

Costovertebral joint

A

Pertaining to the joint between a rib and a vertebrae

77
Q

Intervertebral

A

Pertaining to between the vertebrae

78
Q

Clavicul/o

A

Clavicle; collarbone

79
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Pertaining to the joint between the sternum and clavicle

80
Q

Infraclavicular

A

Pertaining to below collarbone

81
Q

Scapul/o

A

Scapula

82
Q

Subscapular

A

Pertaining to below the scapula

83
Q

Brachi/o

A

Arm

84
Q

Brachial

A

Pertaining to the arm

85
Q

Brachiocephalic

A

Pertaining to the arm and head

86
Q

Carp/o

A

Wrist

87
Q

Carpectomy

A

Excision of a carpal (wrist) bone

88
Q

Olecran/o

A

Olecranon (elbow)

89
Q

Olecranal

A

Pertaining to the olecranon, a bony projection on the ulna

90
Q

Interphalanegeal joint

A

Pertaining to the joint between the phalanges

91
Q

Radi/o

A

Radius (one of the bones of the lower arm)

92
Q

Radiocarpal joint

A

Pertaining to the joint between the radius and the wrist

93
Q

Uln/o

A

Ulnar (one of the bones of the lower arm)

94
Q

Ulnar

A

Pertaining to the ulna

95
Q

Acetabul/o

A

Acetabulum; hip socket

96
Q

Acetabuloplasty

A

Surgical repair of the hip socket.

97
Q

Iliosacral joint

A

Pertaining to the joint between the hip and sacrum; also known as the sacroiliac joint

98
Q

Pelvic

A

Pertaining to the pelvis

99
Q

Calcane/o

A

Heel

100
Q

Femor/o

A

Femur; thigh bone

101
Q

Iliofemoral joint

A

Pertaining to the joint between the hip and femur

102
Q

Fibulocalcaneal

A

Pertaining to the fibula and heel

103
Q

Patell/a; patell/o

A

Patella; kneecap

104
Q

Patellapexy

A

Surgical fixation of the kneecap

105
Q

Infrapatellar

A

Pertaining to below the kneecap

106
Q

Suprapatellar

A

Pertaining to above the kneecap

107
Q

Tibi/o

A

Tibia; shin

108
Q

Tibiofibular joint

A

Pertaining to the joint between the tibia and fibula

109
Q

Articul/o

A

Joint

110
Q

Arthralgia

A

Joint pain; also known as arhtrodynia

111
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of a joint

112
Q

Arthropathy

A

Any disease of a joint

113
Q

Arhtroplasty

A

Surgical repair of a joint; usually refers to total or partial replacement of the knee or hip joints with a prosthetic device.

114
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Process of visually examining the joint cavity by using an arthroscope

115
Q

Interarticular

A

Pertaining to between the joints

116
Q

Burs/o

A

Bursa (sac filled with synovial fluid located around joints)

117
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflamed bursa

118
Q

Bursectomy

A

Excision of the bursa

119
Q

-Blast

A

Immature

120
Q

Osteoblast

A

Immature bone cell

121
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

Surgical puncture of a joint to remove fluid. Aspiration of joint cavity

122
Q

-Clasis

A

Surgical fracture or refracture

123
Q

Osteclasis

A

Surgical fracture or refracture of a bone

124
Q

-clast

A

Breakdown

125
Q

Osteoclast

A

Bone cell that breaks down bone

126
Q

Arthrodesis

A

Surgical fusion of a joint

127
Q

-genesis

A

Formation

128
Q

Osteogenesis

A

Bone formation; ossification

129
Q

Chondromalcia

A

Softening of cartilage

130
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Softening of bone

131
Q

Kyphosis

A

Humpback; exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine

132
Q

Lordosis

A

Swayback; exaggerated anterior curvature of the lumbar spine

133
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

134
Q

-physis

A

To grow

135
Q

Diaphysis

A

The shaft of a long bone

136
Q

Epiphysis

A

The bulbous portion of a long bone on both sides of the shaft

137
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Loss of bone density resulting in open spaces within bony substances

138
Q

-sarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of connective tissue

139
Q

Chondrosacroma

A

Malignant tumor of cartilage

140
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of the bone; also known as osteogenic sarcoma

141
Q

Ortho-

A

Straight

142
Q

Orthopedics

A

Surgical specialty dealing with the correction of deformities and dysfunctions of the skeletal system

143
Q

Open fracture

A

Broken bone

Open cut on skin

144
Q

Closed fracture

A

Broken bone

No open skin

145
Q

Pathological fracture

A

Bones break bc they are weakened from disease

146
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Bone has splintered

147
Q

Green stick

A

Bone is partially broken on one side and bent on the opposite side

148
Q

Colles’ fracture

A

Fracture of the distal radius near the wrist

149
Q

Intra-articular fracture

A

On the joint surfaces of the bone

150
Q

ORIF open reduction internal fixation

A

Screws nails or pins are needed to hold bones together to repair the fracture

151
Q

Reduction

A

Placing the bones back together

152
Q

C

A

Cervical

153
Q

C1, C2…C7

A

First cervical vertebrae, second cervical vertebrae…seventh cervical vertebrae

154
Q

DDD

A

Degenerative disc disease

155
Q

IP

A

Interphalangeal

156
Q

L

A

Lumbar

157
Q

L1, L2…L5

A

First lumbar vertebra…

158
Q

LDD

A

Lumbar disc disease

159
Q

MCP

A

Metacarpophalageal

160
Q

MSS

A

Musculoskeletal system

161
Q

OA

A

Osteoarthritis

162
Q

ORIF

A

Open reduction internal fixation

163
Q

Ortho

A

Orthopedics

164
Q

RA

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

165
Q

S1, s2…S5

A

First sacral vertebra, second sacral vertebra…

166
Q

T

A

Thoracic

167
Q

T1, T2,…T12

A

First thoracic vertebra…

168
Q

TKR

A

Total knee replacement

169
Q

TMJ

A

Tempormandibular joint

Medical Terms (18 decks)

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