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Medical Terms > Ch 7--Skeletal System > Flashcards

Ch 7--Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Other bone cells that break down and reabsorb remaining material of osteocytes

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2
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Create new bone cells

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3
Q

Ossification or osteogenesis

A

Process of bone formation

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4
Q

Why is there a continual turnover of bone?

A

To ensure bone tissue remains strong and that bones mold themselves to match the stress put on them

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5
Q

Remodeling

A

The breakdown and renewal of bone

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6
Q

What makes up the axial skeleton

A

Skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, and hyoid bone.

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7
Q

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

A

Pectoral and pelvic girdles and the arms and legs

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8
Q

The cranial bones are:

A

Frontal bones, parietal bones
Occipital bones, temporal bones
Sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone

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9
Q

The facial bones are

A

Nasal bones, zygomatic bones
Vomer, maxilla
Mandible, nasal conchae (turbinates)
Lacrimal bones

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10
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells. Limited life span

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11
Q

Vertebral column

A

33 vertebra
Breakfast at 7 (7 cervical), lunch at noon (12 thoracic) and dinner at 5 (5 lumbar. A slipped disc is called a herniated disc.

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12
Q

Annulus fibrosus

A

Tough outer layer of cartilage in the discs.

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13
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A

Soft gel like inner portion of the disc.

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14
Q

Thoracic Cage

A

Sternum, 12 pairs of ribs

Costal cartilage, and thoracic vertebra.

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15
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Collarbones or clavicles, and shoulder blades or scapulae

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16
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Two coxal bones; joined anteriorly at the symphysis pubis and posteriorly at the sacrum.

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17
Q

Coxal bones

A

Hip bones

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18
Q

Three fused segments that make up the hip bone

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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19
Q

Acetabulum

A

Hip socket

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20
Q

Sacroiliac joint

A

Joint Where the hip bone joins posteriorly with the sacrum.

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21
Q

Upper extremity consists of

A

Humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

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22
Q

Upper arm bones

A

Humerus

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23
Q

Two lower arm bones

A

Ulna

Radius

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24
Q

Elbow

A

Olecranon process

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25
Lower extremity consists of
Femur, patella Fibula, tibia Tarsals, metatarsals Phalanges
26
Bones of the leg
Femur (thighbone) Patella (knee) Tibia (shin) Fibula (lateral bone in lower leg)
27
Medial malleolus
Projection bump on distal tibia
28
Lateral malleolus
Projection (bump) on distal FIBULA
29
Bones of the foot
Tarsals (ankle bones) Metatarsals (foot bones) Phalanges (toes) Calcaneus (heel)
30
Articular cartilage
Covers end of the bones, preventing friction and allowing painless movement.
31
Joint is
Union between two bones
32
Joint structures consist of
Articular cartilage Joint cavity Synovial fluid, synovial membrane Joint capsule
33
Joints are named after the bones that form the union
Ex: radiocarpal joint-joint between wrist and radius. | Iliofemoral joint-joint between ilium and femur
34
Kyph/o
Humpback
35
Lord/o
Swayback
36
Ped/o
Child
37
Scoli/o
Curved
38
Tempor/o
Temporal bone
39
-porosis
Porous
40
Myeloma
Benign tumor of the bone marrow
41
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of bone and bone marrow
42
Osteitis
Inflammation of the bone
43
Osteochondritis
Inflammation of the bone and cartilage
44
Osteocyte
Mature bone cell
45
Osteoma
Benign tumor of bone
46
Ostetome
Instrument used to cut bone
47
Osteotomy
Process of cutting bone
48
Endosteum
Inner lining of the shaft of a long bone such as the tibia or ulna -um structure Endo-within
49
Periosteum
The structure around the shaft of a long bone.
50
Crainofacial
Pertaining to the skull and face | Faci/o=face
51
Cranioplasty
Surgical repair of the skull
52
Craniotomy
Incision into the skull
53
Mandibular
Pertaining to the lower jaw
54
Temporomandibular joint
Pertaining to the joint between the temporal bone and the lower jaw.
55
Maxillary
Pertaining to the upper jaw
56
Achondroplasia
Inadequate cartilage formation resulting in a type of dwarfism
57
Chondrocyte
Cartilage cell
58
Chondroma
Benign tumor of the cartilage
59
Costochondral
Pertaining to the ribs and cartilage
60
Subcostal
Pertaining to under the ribs
61
Stern/o
Sternum; breastbone
62
Costosternal
Pertaining to the ribs and sternum
63
Sternotomy
Process of cutting the sternum
64
Xiph/o
Sword
65
Xiphoid
Distal portion of the sternum; literally means resembling a sword
66
Cervical
Pertaining to the neck
67
Coccygeal
Pertaining to the tailbone
68
Lumbodynia
Pain in the lower back, also known as lumbago
69
Lumbosacral joint
Pertaining to the joint between the L5 and the sacrum
70
Sacr/o
Sacrum
71
Sacrococcygeal joint
Pertaining to the joint between the sacrum and the coccyx
72
Coccyg/o
Coccyx; tailbone
73
Spondylitis
Inflammation of the vertebra
74
Spondlypathy
Any disease of vertebra
75
Thoracolumbar
Pertaining to the chest and lower back
76
Costovertebral joint
Pertaining to the joint between a rib and a vertebrae
77
Intervertebral
Pertaining to between the vertebrae
78
Clavicul/o
Clavicle; collarbone
79
Sternoclavicular joint
Pertaining to the joint between the sternum and clavicle
80
Infraclavicular
Pertaining to below collarbone
81
Scapul/o
Scapula
82
Subscapular
Pertaining to below the scapula
83
Brachi/o
Arm
84
Brachial
Pertaining to the arm
85
Brachiocephalic
Pertaining to the arm and head
86
Carp/o
Wrist
87
Carpectomy
Excision of a carpal (wrist) bone
88
Olecran/o
Olecranon (elbow)
89
Olecranal
Pertaining to the olecranon, a bony projection on the ulna
90
Interphalanegeal joint
Pertaining to the joint between the phalanges
91
Radi/o
Radius (one of the bones of the lower arm)
92
Radiocarpal joint
Pertaining to the joint between the radius and the wrist
93
Uln/o
Ulnar (one of the bones of the lower arm)
94
Ulnar
Pertaining to the ulna
95
Acetabul/o
Acetabulum; hip socket
96
Acetabuloplasty
Surgical repair of the hip socket.
97
Iliosacral joint
Pertaining to the joint between the hip and sacrum; also known as the sacroiliac joint
98
Pelvic
Pertaining to the pelvis
99
Calcane/o
Heel
100
Femor/o
Femur; thigh bone
101
Iliofemoral joint
Pertaining to the joint between the hip and femur
102
Fibulocalcaneal
Pertaining to the fibula and heel
103
Patell/a; patell/o
Patella; kneecap
104
Patellapexy
Surgical fixation of the kneecap
105
Infrapatellar
Pertaining to below the kneecap
106
Suprapatellar
Pertaining to above the kneecap
107
Tibi/o
Tibia; shin
108
Tibiofibular joint
Pertaining to the joint between the tibia and fibula
109
Articul/o
Joint
110
Arthralgia
Joint pain; also known as arhtrodynia
111
Arthritis
Inflammation of a joint
112
Arthropathy
Any disease of a joint
113
Arhtroplasty
Surgical repair of a joint; usually refers to total or partial replacement of the knee or hip joints with a prosthetic device.
114
Arthroscopy
Process of visually examining the joint cavity by using an arthroscope
115
Interarticular
Pertaining to between the joints
116
Burs/o
Bursa (sac filled with synovial fluid located around joints)
117
Bursitis
Inflamed bursa
118
Bursectomy
Excision of the bursa
119
-Blast
Immature
120
Osteoblast
Immature bone cell
121
Arthrocentesis
Surgical puncture of a joint to remove fluid. Aspiration of joint cavity
122
-Clasis
Surgical fracture or refracture
123
Osteclasis
Surgical fracture or refracture of a bone
124
-clast
Breakdown
125
Osteoclast
Bone cell that breaks down bone
126
Arthrodesis
Surgical fusion of a joint
127
-genesis
Formation
128
Osteogenesis
Bone formation; ossification
129
Chondromalcia
Softening of cartilage
130
Osteomalacia
Softening of bone
131
Kyphosis
Humpback; exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine
132
Lordosis
Swayback; exaggerated anterior curvature of the lumbar spine
133
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
134
-physis
To grow
135
Diaphysis
The shaft of a long bone
136
Epiphysis
The bulbous portion of a long bone on both sides of the shaft
137
Osteoporosis
Loss of bone density resulting in open spaces within bony substances
138
-sarcoma
Malignant tumor of connective tissue
139
Chondrosacroma
Malignant tumor of cartilage
140
Osteosarcoma
Malignant tumor of the bone; also known as osteogenic sarcoma
141
Ortho-
Straight
142
Orthopedics
Surgical specialty dealing with the correction of deformities and dysfunctions of the skeletal system
143
Open fracture
Broken bone | Open cut on skin
144
Closed fracture
Broken bone | No open skin
145
Pathological fracture
Bones break bc they are weakened from disease
146
Comminuted fracture
Bone has splintered
147
Green stick
Bone is partially broken on one side and bent on the opposite side
148
Colles' fracture
Fracture of the distal radius near the wrist
149
Intra-articular fracture
On the joint surfaces of the bone
150
ORIF open reduction internal fixation
Screws nails or pins are needed to hold bones together to repair the fracture
151
Reduction
Placing the bones back together
152
C
Cervical
153
C1, C2...C7
First cervical vertebrae, second cervical vertebrae...seventh cervical vertebrae
154
DDD
Degenerative disc disease
155
IP
Interphalangeal
156
L
Lumbar
157
L1, L2...L5
First lumbar vertebra...
158
LDD
Lumbar disc disease
159
MCP
Metacarpophalageal
160
MSS
Musculoskeletal system
161
OA
Osteoarthritis
162
ORIF
Open reduction internal fixation
163
Ortho
Orthopedics
164
RA
Rheumatoid arthritis
165
S1, s2...S5
First sacral vertebra, second sacral vertebra...
166
T
Thoracic
167
T1, T2,...T12
First thoracic vertebra...
168
TKR
Total knee replacement
169
TMJ
Tempormandibular joint

Medical Terms (18 decks)

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