Ch 9 Joints Flashcards
joints (articulations)
an area where adjacent bones interact. and in some cases this is where body movement occurs
what are the joint classifications
structural (anatomy)
functional ( range of motion)
synarthrosis
immovable joint
amphiarthrosis
slightly moveable joints
diarthrosis
freely moveable joint
synovial joint
a freely moveable joint where the opposing bone surfaces are separated by synovial fluid
articular cartilage
the cartilage pad that covers the surface of a bone inside a joint cavity
meiscus
fibrocartilage pad between opposing bones
bursae
a small sac filled with synovial fluid that cushions adjacent structures and reduces friction.
monaxial
1 plane (ex elbow)
biaxial
2 planes (ex wrist)
triaxial
3 planes (ex shoulder)
flexion
decreases angle between articulating bones (represented by F)
extension
increases angle between articulating bones (represented by E)
hyperextension
extension pas anatomical position
abduction
movement away from longitudinal axis/midline (represented by AB)
adduction
movement toward longitudinal axis/midline (represented by AD)
circumduction
a complete circular movement without rotation
medial rotation
internal rotation toward axis
lateral rotation
external rotation away from body
pronation
rotates forearm so that radius rolls across ulna. palm face down/posterior (think prone is face down so palm down) (represented by p)
supination
turns palm anteriorly
forearm is in anatomical position
(Think supine for up. So palm up)
inversion
a turning inward
eversion
twists sole of foot laterally
dorsiflexion
flexion at ankle, lifting toes
plantar flexion
extension at ankle, pointing toes
opposition
movement of thumb toward palm or other fingers
reposition
opposite of opposition
protraction
anterior movement in horizontal plane (forward)
retraction
opposite protraction (pulling back)
depression
moving a structure down/ inferior
elevation
moving a structure up/ superior
lateral flexion
bending vertebral column to the side
Joint that allows a simple gliding movement.
Ex. Joint at the shoulder between the clavicle and scapula
plane joint/gliding
Uniaxial joints that permit flexion and extension.
Ex. The elbow joint
hinge joint/gonglymus
Biaxial joint for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction ex. Finger joint
condyliod joint/ ellipsoid
Biaxial joint for flexion, extension, abduction adduction and circumduction
Ex. The joint at the base of the thumb
saddle joint
Uniaxial joints that permit rotation,
Ex. The axis and atlas. Allows you to shake head yes and no
pivot joint/trachiod
Multiracial joint for flexion extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation and circumduction
Ex. The hip joint
ball and socket joint /speroid
what is the largest and strongest joint
humero ulnar joint
rheumatism
pain or stiffness in muskuskeletal system
arthritis
(joint inflimation) all rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints