Ch 9 Joints

Question 1

joints (articulations)

Answer 1

an area where adjacent bones interact. and in some cases this is where body movement occurs

Question 2

what are the joint classifications

Answer 2

structural (anatomy)
functional ( range of motion)

Question 3

synarthrosis

Answer 3

immovable joint

Question 4

amphiarthrosis

Answer 4

slightly moveable joints

Question 5

diarthrosis

Answer 5

freely moveable joint

Question 6

synovial joint

Answer 6

a freely moveable joint where the opposing bone surfaces are separated by synovial fluid

Question 7

articular cartilage

Answer 7

the cartilage pad that covers the surface of a bone inside a joint cavity

Question 8

meiscus

Answer 8

fibrocartilage pad between opposing bones

Question 9

bursae

Answer 9

a small sac filled with synovial fluid that cushions adjacent structures and reduces friction.

Question 10

monaxial

Answer 10

1 plane (ex elbow)

Question 11

biaxial

Answer 11

2 planes (ex wrist)

Question 12

triaxial

Answer 12

3 planes (ex shoulder)

Question 13

flexion

Answer 13

decreases angle between articulating bones (represented by F)

Question 14

extension

Answer 14

increases angle between articulating bones (represented by E)

Question 15

hyperextension

Answer 15

extension pas anatomical position

Question 16

abduction

Answer 16

movement away from longitudinal axis/midline (represented by AB)

Question 17

adduction

Answer 17

movement toward longitudinal axis/midline (represented by AD)

Question 18

circumduction

Answer 18

a complete circular movement without rotation

Question 19

medial rotation

Answer 19

internal rotation toward axis

Question 20

lateral rotation

Answer 20

external rotation away from body

Question 21

pronation

Answer 21

rotates forearm so that radius rolls across ulna. palm face down/posterior (think prone is face down so palm down) (represented by p)

Question 22

supination

Answer 22

turns palm anteriorly
forearm is in anatomical position
(Think supine for up. So palm up)

Question 23

inversion

Answer 23

a turning inward

Question 24

eversion

Answer 24

twists sole of foot laterally

Question 25

dorsiflexion

Answer 25

flexion at ankle, lifting toes

Question 26

plantar flexion

Answer 26

extension at ankle, pointing toes

Question 27

opposition

Answer 27

movement of thumb toward palm or other fingers

Question 28

reposition

Answer 28

opposite of opposition

Question 29

protraction

Answer 29

anterior movement in horizontal plane (forward)

Question 30

retraction

Answer 30

opposite protraction (pulling back)

Question 31

depression

Answer 31

moving a structure down/ inferior

Question 32

elevation

Answer 32

moving a structure up/ superior

Question 33

lateral flexion

Answer 33

bending vertebral column to the side

Question 34

Joint that allows a simple gliding movement.
Ex. Joint at the shoulder between the clavicle and scapula

Answer 34

plane joint/gliding

Question 35

Uniaxial joints that permit flexion and extension.
Ex. The elbow joint

Answer 35

hinge joint/gonglymus

Question 36

Biaxial joint for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction ex. Finger joint

Answer 36

condyliod joint/ ellipsoid

Question 37

Biaxial joint for flexion, extension, abduction adduction and circumduction
Ex. The joint at the base of the thumb

Answer 37

saddle joint

Question 38

Uniaxial joints that permit rotation,
Ex. The axis and atlas. Allows you to shake head yes and no

Answer 38

pivot joint/trachiod

Question 39

Multiracial joint for flexion extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation and circumduction
Ex. The hip joint

Answer 39

ball and socket joint /speroid

Question 40

what is the largest and strongest joint

Answer 40

humero ulnar joint

Question 41

rheumatism

Answer 41

pain or stiffness in muskuskeletal system

Question 42

arthritis

Answer 42

(joint inflimation) all rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints