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Human A+P 1. Spring 23 > Ch 11 Muscular system > Flashcards

Ch 11 Muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

location on the body

A

identified by body regions

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2
Q

origin and insertion

A

-the first part of the name indicates the origin
-the second part of the name indicates the insertion

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3
Q

fascicle organization

A

describes the fascicle orientation within the muscle

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4
Q

externus (superficialis)

A

are muscles visible at the body surface

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5
Q

internus (profundus)

A

are deep muscles

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6
Q

extrinsic

A

muscles are outside an organ

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7
Q

intrinsic

A

muscles are inside an organ

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8
Q

structural characteristics

A

such as number or tendons, shape or size

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9
Q

longus

A

long

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10
Q

longissimus

A

longest

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11
Q

teres

A

long and round

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12
Q

brevis

A

short

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13
Q

magnus

A

large

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14
Q

major

A

larger

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15
Q

maximus

A

largest

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16
Q

minor

A

small

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17
Q

minimus

A

smallest

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18
Q

axial muscles

A

position the head and spinal column, and move the ribcage

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19
Q

appendicular muscles

A

support the pectoral and pelvic girdles and the limbs

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20
Q

orbicularis oris

A

constricts the mouth opening

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21
Q

what are the muscles of the scalp (epicranium)

A

temporoparietailis
occipitofrontalis

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22
Q

platysma

A

covers the anterior surface of the neck

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23
Q

masseter

A

the strongest jaw muscle

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24
Q

temporalis

A

helps lift the mandible

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25
Q

pterygoid muscles

A

position the mandible for chewing

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26
Q

muscles of mastication move the

A

mandible

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27
Q

names of tongue muscles end in

A

glossus

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28
Q

platoglossus

A

originates at the palate

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29
Q

styloglossus

A

originates at the styloid process

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30
Q

genioglossus

A

originates at the chin

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31
Q

hypoglossus

A

originates at the hyoid bone

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32
Q

the muscles of the pharynx begin what process

A

swallowing

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33
Q

pharyngeal constrictor muscles

A

move food into the esophagus

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34
Q

palatal muscles

A

lift the soft palate

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35
Q

anterior muscles of the neck do what

A

control the position of the larynx, depress the mandible, and support the tongue and pharynx

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36
Q

diagastric

A

from chin to hyoid, and hyoid to mastoid

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37
Q

mylohyoid

A

floor of the mouth

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38
Q

geniohyoid

A

between the hyoid and the chin

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39
Q

stylohyoid

A

between the hyoid and the styloid

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40
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

from the clavicle and sternum to the mastoid

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41
Q

omohyoid

A

attaches the scapula, clavicle 1st rib and hyoid

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42
Q

oblique muscles

A

compress underlying structures or rotate the vertebral column

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43
Q

rectus muscles

A

flex the vertebral column, opposing the erector spinae

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44
Q

scalene muscles

A

flex the neck

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45
Q

intercostal muscles (external and internal)

A

respiratory movements of the ribs

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46
Q

transversus thoracis

A

cross the inner surface of the ribs

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47
Q

rectus abdominis

A

the (six pack) between the xiphoid process and the pubic symphysis

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48
Q

the perineum

A

the muscular sheet which forms the pelvic floor

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49
Q

trapezius

A

-superficial
covers the back and neck up to the base of the skull
inserts on the clavicles and scapular spines

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50
Q

rhomboid and levator scapulae

A

-deep to the trapezius
-attach to the cervical and thoracic vertebrae
-insert on the scapular border

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51
Q

serratus anterior

A

-on the chest
-originates along ribs
-inserts on anterior scapular margin

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52
Q

subclavius

A

originates on the ribs
-inserts on the clavicle

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53
Q

pectoralis minor

A

-attaches to the scapula

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54
Q

deltoid

A

the major abductor in the arm

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55
Q

supraspinatus

A

(muscle that moves the arm)
assists the deltoid

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56
Q

subscapularis and teres major

A

produces medial rotation at the shoulder (muscles that move the arm)

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57
Q

infraspinatus and teres minor

A

produce lateral rotation at the shoulder (muscles that move the arm)

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58
Q

coracobrachialis

A

attaches to the scapula
produces flexion and adduction at the shoulder

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59
Q

pectoralis major

A

between the anterior chest and the greater tubercle of the humerus
- produces flexion at the shoulder joint

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60
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

between thoracic vertebrae and the humerus
-produces extension at the shoulder joint

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61
Q

biceps brachii

A

flexes elbow
-originates on the scapula, inserts on the radial tuberosity

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62
Q

triceps brachii

A

extends the elbow
-originates on the scapula inserts on the olecranon

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63
Q

brachialis and brachioradialis

A

flex the elbow

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64
Q

anconeus

A

opposes the brachialis

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65
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

superficial
-flexes and adducts the wrist

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66
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

superficial
-flexes and abducts the wrist

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67
Q

palmaris longus

A

superficial
-flexes the wrist

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68
Q

extensor carpi radialis

A

superficial
-extends and abducts the wrist

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69
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris

A

superficial
-extends and adducts the wrist

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70
Q

pronator teres and supinator

A

originate on the humerus and ulna
-rotate the radius

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71
Q

pronator quadratus

A

originates on the ulna
-assist the pronator teres

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72
Q

gluteus macximus

A

-the largest most posterior gluteal muscle
-produces extension and lateral rotation at the hip

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73
Q

tensor fasciae latae

A

-works with the gluteus maximus
-stabilizes the iliotibial tract
-(band of collagen fibers that braces the knee)

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74
Q

gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

A

-originate anterior to the gluteus maximus
-inserts on the trochanter

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75
Q

adductor magnus

A

produces adduction, extension and flexion

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76
Q

adductor brevis

A

hip flexion and adduction

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77
Q

adductor longus

A

hip flexion and adduction

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78
Q

pectineus

A

hip flexion and adduction

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79
Q

gracilis

A

hip flexion and adduction

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80
Q

what are the 2 iliopsoas flexors that insert on the same tendon

A

psoas major
iliacus

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81
Q

what are the flexors of the knee

A

biceps femoris
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
sartorius
(originates superior to the adcteabulum)

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82
Q

popliteus

A

rotates the tibia to unlock the knee

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83
Q

abdominal

A

abdomen

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84
Q

ancon

A

elbow

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85
Q

auricular

A

ear

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86
Q

brachial

A

arm

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87
Q

capitis

A

head

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88
Q

carpi

A

wrist

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89
Q

coccygeal

A

coccyx

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90
Q

costal

A

rib

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91
Q

cutaneous

A

skin

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92
Q

femoris

A

thigh

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93
Q

glossal

A

tongue

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94
Q

hallux

A

great toe

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95
Q

ilium

A

groin

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96
Q

inguinal

A

groin

97
Q

lumbar

A

lumbar region

98
Q

nasalis

A

nose

99
Q

nuchal

A

back of neck

100
Q

occular

A

eye

101
Q

oris

A

mouth

102
Q

palpebra

A

eyelid

103
Q

pollex

A

thumb

104
Q

popliteal

A

posterior to knee

105
Q

psoas

A

loin

106
Q

radial

A

forearm

107
Q

scapular

A

scapula

108
Q

temporal

A

temple

109
Q

thoracic

A

thorax

110
Q

tibial

A

tibia, shin

111
Q

ulnar

A

ulna

112
Q

transversus muscles

A

run across the long axis of the body

113
Q

oblique muscles

A

run at a slant to long axis

114
Q

rectus (straight) muscles

A

along the long axis

115
Q

anterior

A

front

116
Q

external

A

on the outside

117
Q

extrinsic

A

outside the structure

118
Q

inferior

A

below

119
Q

internal

A

away from the surface

120
Q

instrinsic

A

within the structure

121
Q

lateral

A

on the side

122
Q

medial

A

middle

123
Q

oblique

A

slanting

124
Q

posterior

A

back

125
Q

profundus

A

deep

126
Q

rectus

A

strait

127
Q

superficial

A

toward the surface

128
Q

superior

A

toward the head

129
Q

transverse

A

crosswise

130
Q

biceps

A

two heads

131
Q

triceps

A

three heads

132
Q

quadriceps

A

four heads

133
Q

deltoid

A

triangle

134
Q

orbicularis

A

circle

135
Q

pectinate

A

comblike

136
Q

piriformis

A

pear shaped

137
Q

platysma

A

flat plate

138
Q

pyramidal

A

pyramid

139
Q

rhomboid

A

parallelogram

140
Q

serratus

A

serrated

141
Q

splenius

A

bandage

142
Q

teres

A

round and long

143
Q

trapezius

A

trapezoid

144
Q

alba

A

white

145
Q

brevis

A

short

146
Q

gracilis

A

slender

147
Q

latae

A

wide

148
Q

latissimus

A

widest

149
Q

longissimus

A

longest

150
Q

longus

A

long

151
Q

magnus

A

large

152
Q

major

A

larger

153
Q

maximus

A

largest

154
Q

minimus

A

smallest

155
Q

minor

A

smaller

156
Q

abductor

A

movement away

157
Q

adductor

A

movement towards

158
Q

depressor

A

lowering movement

159
Q

extensor

A

straightening movement

160
Q

flexor

A

bending movement

161
Q

levator

A

raising movement

162
Q

pronator

A

turning into prone position

163
Q

supinator

A

turning into supine position

164
Q

tensor

A

tensing movement

165
Q

cardiovascular system

A

-delivers oxygen and nutrients
-removes carbon dioxide

166
Q

respiratory

A

responds to oxygen demand of muscles

167
Q

integumentary system

A

disperses heat from muscle activity

168
Q

nervous and endocrine system

A

direct responses of all systems

169
Q

If you bruised your gluteus maximus you would expect to experience discomfort when

A

Extending your hip

170
Q

What muscle fibers pull in different directions permitting different actions depending on stimulation

A

Convergent

171
Q

The end of a muscle that is attached to the point that moves when the muscle contracts is called the

A

Insertion

172
Q

The quadriceps group includes all of the following except

A

Biceps femoris

173
Q

Muscles located close to the midline of the body may be called

A

Medialis

174
Q

The powerful abductor muscle of the upper arm is the

A

Deltoid

175
Q

The muscle group on the posterior thigh called the

A

Hamstring

176
Q

Which of the following is innervated by the sciatic nerve

A

Planteris

177
Q

Muscles including the term capitis would be found within or attached to the

A

Head

178
Q

Which of the following controls abduction of the shoulder

A

Supraspinatus

179
Q

Muscles with fibers that run perpendicular to the long axis of the body are called

A

Transversud

180
Q

A muscle that inserts on the body of the mandible is properly involved in

A

Chewing

181
Q

The whole deltoid muscle does what to the humerus

A

Abducts

182
Q

Tom a trumpet player asks you which muscle he should develop in order to be a better trumpeter what would you tell him

A

The buccinator and orbicularis Oris

183
Q

Which of the following describes the action of the serratus anterior

A

Protracts the shoulder abducts and medially rotates the scapula

184
Q

Muscles that guard entrances and exits of internal passageways are called

A

Circular

185
Q

The muscle that inserts in the acromion and scapular spine is the

A

Trapezius

186
Q

The action that moves the scapula towards the head is called __________

A

elevation

187
Q

Which movement results after the contraction of the serratus anterior muscle?

A

scapular protraction and rotation

188
Q

Which movement is not associated with the scapula?

A

opposition

189
Q

The muscle that generates the most power during elbow flexion is the __________

A

brachialis

190
Q

The prime mover of elbow extension is the ________

A

triceps brachii

191
Q

Movement of the elbow joint movement is limited to __________

A

flexion and extension

192
Q

Movement of the forearm includes _____

A

pronation and supination

193
Q

Muscles that act on the knee joint form most of the mass of the __________.

A

thigh

194
Q

The hamstring muscles originate on the __________.

A

ischial tuberosity

195
Q

To allow for flexion, the __________ unlocks the knee joint.

A

popliteus

196
Q

The temporalis muscle originates on the __________ and inserts on the __________.

A

temporal fossa; coronoid process of mandible

197
Q

The temporalis muscle is innervated by the mandibular branch of the _________

A

trigeminal nerve

198
Q

The masseter muscle originates on the __________.

A

medial surfaces of the maxilla and the zygomatic arch as well as the inferior border of the zygomatic arch

199
Q

The masseter is innervated by the _____________ branch of the trigeminal nerve.

A

mandibular

200
Q

The buccinator muscle is innervated by the __________.

A

facial nerve

201
Q

At its insertion (unlike at its origin), the buccinator muscle __________.

A

attaches to fibers of another facial muscle

202
Q

The buccinator muscle __________.

A

compresses the cheeks

203
Q

The infraspinatus inserts on the ____________ of the humerus.

A

greater tubercle of the humerus

204
Q

The infraspinatus muscle is included in the __________ muscles.

A

rotator cuff

205
Q

The origins of the levator scapula are from the ___________ of four cervical vertebrae.

A

transverse processes

206
Q

The pectoralis major muscle can be divided into groups of fibers superior, or __________, and inferior, or __________.

A

clavicular; sternocostal

207
Q

The key actions of the pectoralis major muscle are __________

A

medial rotation and adduction

208
Q

The rhomboid minor muscle sits __________.

A

superior to the rhomboid major

209
Q

The actions of the internal obliques include __________.

A

compression of the abdomen to assist in forced expiration

210
Q

The origins of the rectus abdominus muscle are on the __________.

A

pubic bone

211
Q

The external intercostals elevate the rib cage during __________.

A

inspiration

212
Q

The two heads of the biceps brachii combine to insert on the __________.

A

radial tuberosity

213
Q

The brachialis muscle is located __________ to the biceps brachii muscle.

A

deep

214
Q

The transversus abdominus muscle is innervated by the __________

A

intercostals nerve

215
Q

All fibers of the triceps brachii are innervated by the __________.

A

radial nerve

216
Q

The origins of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle are the __________.

A

lateral condyle and posterior surface of the femur

217
Q

The gastrocnemius muscle is innervated by the __________

A

tibial nerve

218
Q

The two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle converge to insert onto __________.

A

the calcaneus

219
Q

The gluteus medius muscle is innervated by the _______

A

superior gluteal nerve

220
Q

The action of the extensor digitorum longus muscle is to __________.

A

extend digits

221
Q

The soleus muscle shares an insertion with the _________

A

gastrocnemius muscle

222
Q

The soleus muscle __________ the foot at the ankle and is innervated by the __________.

A

flexes; tibial nerve

223
Q

A prime mover or __________ produces a particular type of movement.

A

agonist

224
Q

Muscles of facial expression differ from most skeletal muscles because they usually do NOT insert into a bone

A

True

225
Q

Muscles that act on the __________ cause movement at the hip, knee, and foot joints.

A

lower limb

226
Q

These abdominal muscles are responsible for giving me my “six-pack.” They also stabilize my pelvis when walking. They are the ___________ muscles.

A

rectus abdominis

227
Q

The __________ is the largest and most superficial of the gluteal muscles.

A

gluteus maximus

228
Q

This muscle closes the eyes, allowing you to wink or blink.

A

orbicularis oculi

229
Q

This muscle originates on the zygomatic arch and inserts at the angle and ramus of the mandible. It is responsible for closing the jaw.

A

masseter

230
Q

This large, fan-shaped muscle of the upper chest is the prime mover of arm flexion.

A

pectoralis major

231
Q

Commonly referred to as the ________, this muscle group on the posterior thigh extends the hip.

A

hamstrings

232
Q

This muscle allows you to stand on tiptoe when the knee is extended, and it flexes the knee when the foot is dorsiflexed.

A

gastrocnemius

233
Q

This name reveals the number of the muscle’s origins.

A

triceps brachii

234
Q

Brachioradialis and sternocleidomastoid are named for ________.

A

the location of their origin and insertion

235
Q

Pectoralis major originates on the ________ and inserts in the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus.

A

clavicle and sternum

236
Q

This superficial muscle covers a large part of the posterior thorax.

A

trapezius

237
Q

Commonly called as the “tailors muscle,” this muscle allows one to sit in a cross-legged position.

A

sartorius

238
Q

This muscle is named for the direction of its fibers.

A

external oblique

Human A+P 1. Spring 23 (17 decks)

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