Ch 11 Muscular system Flashcards
location on the body
identified by body regions
origin and insertion
-the first part of the name indicates the origin
-the second part of the name indicates the insertion
fascicle organization
describes the fascicle orientation within the muscle
externus (superficialis)
are muscles visible at the body surface
internus (profundus)
are deep muscles
extrinsic
muscles are outside an organ
intrinsic
muscles are inside an organ
structural characteristics
such as number or tendons, shape or size
longus
long
longissimus
longest
teres
long and round
brevis
short
magnus
large
major
larger
maximus
largest
minor
small
minimus
smallest
axial muscles
position the head and spinal column, and move the ribcage
appendicular muscles
support the pectoral and pelvic girdles and the limbs
orbicularis oris
constricts the mouth opening
what are the muscles of the scalp (epicranium)
temporoparietailis
occipitofrontalis
platysma
covers the anterior surface of the neck
masseter
the strongest jaw muscle
temporalis
helps lift the mandible
pterygoid muscles
position the mandible for chewing
muscles of mastication move the
mandible
names of tongue muscles end in
glossus
platoglossus
originates at the palate
styloglossus
originates at the styloid process
genioglossus
originates at the chin
hypoglossus
originates at the hyoid bone
the muscles of the pharynx begin what process
swallowing
pharyngeal constrictor muscles
move food into the esophagus
palatal muscles
lift the soft palate
anterior muscles of the neck do what
control the position of the larynx, depress the mandible, and support the tongue and pharynx
diagastric
from chin to hyoid, and hyoid to mastoid
mylohyoid
floor of the mouth
geniohyoid
between the hyoid and the chin
stylohyoid
between the hyoid and the styloid
sternocleidomastoid
from the clavicle and sternum to the mastoid
omohyoid
attaches the scapula, clavicle 1st rib and hyoid
oblique muscles
compress underlying structures or rotate the vertebral column
rectus muscles
flex the vertebral column, opposing the erector spinae
scalene muscles
flex the neck
intercostal muscles (external and internal)
respiratory movements of the ribs
transversus thoracis
cross the inner surface of the ribs
rectus abdominis
the (six pack) between the xiphoid process and the pubic symphysis
the perineum
the muscular sheet which forms the pelvic floor
trapezius
-superficial
covers the back and neck up to the base of the skull
inserts on the clavicles and scapular spines
rhomboid and levator scapulae
-deep to the trapezius
-attach to the cervical and thoracic vertebrae
-insert on the scapular border
serratus anterior
-on the chest
-originates along ribs
-inserts on anterior scapular margin
subclavius
originates on the ribs
-inserts on the clavicle
pectoralis minor
-attaches to the scapula
deltoid
the major abductor in the arm
supraspinatus
(muscle that moves the arm)
assists the deltoid
subscapularis and teres major
produces medial rotation at the shoulder (muscles that move the arm)
infraspinatus and teres minor
produce lateral rotation at the shoulder (muscles that move the arm)
coracobrachialis
attaches to the scapula
produces flexion and adduction at the shoulder
pectoralis major
between the anterior chest and the greater tubercle of the humerus
- produces flexion at the shoulder joint
latissimus dorsi
between thoracic vertebrae and the humerus
-produces extension at the shoulder joint
biceps brachii
flexes elbow
-originates on the scapula, inserts on the radial tuberosity
triceps brachii
extends the elbow
-originates on the scapula inserts on the olecranon
brachialis and brachioradialis
flex the elbow
anconeus
opposes the brachialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
superficial
-flexes and adducts the wrist
flexor carpi radialis
superficial
-flexes and abducts the wrist
palmaris longus
superficial
-flexes the wrist
extensor carpi radialis
superficial
-extends and abducts the wrist
extensor carpi ulnaris
superficial
-extends and adducts the wrist
pronator teres and supinator
originate on the humerus and ulna
-rotate the radius
pronator quadratus
originates on the ulna
-assist the pronator teres
gluteus macximus
-the largest most posterior gluteal muscle
-produces extension and lateral rotation at the hip
tensor fasciae latae
-works with the gluteus maximus
-stabilizes the iliotibial tract
-(band of collagen fibers that braces the knee)
gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
-originate anterior to the gluteus maximus
-inserts on the trochanter
adductor magnus
produces adduction, extension and flexion
adductor brevis
hip flexion and adduction
adductor longus
hip flexion and adduction
pectineus
hip flexion and adduction
gracilis
hip flexion and adduction
what are the 2 iliopsoas flexors that insert on the same tendon
psoas major
iliacus
what are the flexors of the knee
biceps femoris
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
sartorius
(originates superior to the adcteabulum)
popliteus
rotates the tibia to unlock the knee
abdominal
abdomen
ancon
elbow
auricular
ear
brachial
arm
capitis
head
carpi
wrist
coccygeal
coccyx
costal
rib
cutaneous
skin
femoris
thigh
glossal
tongue
hallux
great toe
ilium
groin
inguinal
groin
lumbar
lumbar region
nasalis
nose
nuchal
back of neck
occular
eye
oris
mouth
palpebra
eyelid
pollex
thumb
popliteal
posterior to knee
psoas
loin
radial
forearm
scapular
scapula
temporal
temple
thoracic
thorax
tibial
tibia, shin
ulnar
ulna
transversus muscles
run across the long axis of the body
oblique muscles
run at a slant to long axis
rectus (straight) muscles
along the long axis
anterior
front
external
on the outside
extrinsic
outside the structure
inferior
below
internal
away from the surface
instrinsic
within the structure
lateral
on the side
medial
middle
oblique
slanting
posterior
back
profundus
deep
rectus
strait
superficial
toward the surface
superior
toward the head
transverse
crosswise
biceps
two heads
triceps
three heads
quadriceps
four heads
deltoid
triangle
orbicularis
circle
pectinate
comblike
piriformis
pear shaped
platysma
flat plate
pyramidal
pyramid
rhomboid
parallelogram
serratus
serrated
splenius
bandage
teres
round and long
trapezius
trapezoid
alba
white
brevis
short
gracilis
slender
latae
wide
latissimus
widest
longissimus
longest
longus
long
magnus
large
major
larger
maximus
largest
minimus
smallest
minor
smaller
abductor
movement away
adductor
movement towards
depressor
lowering movement
extensor
straightening movement
flexor
bending movement
levator
raising movement
pronator
turning into prone position
supinator
turning into supine position
tensor
tensing movement
cardiovascular system
-delivers oxygen and nutrients
-removes carbon dioxide
respiratory
responds to oxygen demand of muscles
integumentary system
disperses heat from muscle activity
nervous and endocrine system
direct responses of all systems
If you bruised your gluteus maximus you would expect to experience discomfort when
Extending your hip
What muscle fibers pull in different directions permitting different actions depending on stimulation
Convergent
The end of a muscle that is attached to the point that moves when the muscle contracts is called the
Insertion
The quadriceps group includes all of the following except
Biceps femoris
Muscles located close to the midline of the body may be called
Medialis
The powerful abductor muscle of the upper arm is the
Deltoid
The muscle group on the posterior thigh called the
Hamstring
Which of the following is innervated by the sciatic nerve
Planteris
Muscles including the term capitis would be found within or attached to the
Head
Which of the following controls abduction of the shoulder
Supraspinatus
Muscles with fibers that run perpendicular to the long axis of the body are called
Transversud
A muscle that inserts on the body of the mandible is properly involved in
Chewing
The whole deltoid muscle does what to the humerus
Abducts
Tom a trumpet player asks you which muscle he should develop in order to be a better trumpeter what would you tell him
The buccinator and orbicularis Oris
Which of the following describes the action of the serratus anterior
Protracts the shoulder abducts and medially rotates the scapula
Muscles that guard entrances and exits of internal passageways are called
Circular
The muscle that inserts in the acromion and scapular spine is the
Trapezius
The action that moves the scapula towards the head is called __________
elevation
Which movement results after the contraction of the serratus anterior muscle?
scapular protraction and rotation
Which movement is not associated with the scapula?
opposition
The muscle that generates the most power during elbow flexion is the __________
brachialis
The prime mover of elbow extension is the ________
triceps brachii
Movement of the elbow joint movement is limited to __________
flexion and extension
Movement of the forearm includes _____
pronation and supination
Muscles that act on the knee joint form most of the mass of the __________.
thigh
The hamstring muscles originate on the __________.
ischial tuberosity
To allow for flexion, the __________ unlocks the knee joint.
popliteus
The temporalis muscle originates on the __________ and inserts on the __________.
temporal fossa; coronoid process of mandible
The temporalis muscle is innervated by the mandibular branch of the _________
trigeminal nerve
The masseter muscle originates on the __________.
medial surfaces of the maxilla and the zygomatic arch as well as the inferior border of the zygomatic arch
The masseter is innervated by the _____________ branch of the trigeminal nerve.
mandibular
The buccinator muscle is innervated by the __________.
facial nerve
At its insertion (unlike at its origin), the buccinator muscle __________.
attaches to fibers of another facial muscle
The buccinator muscle __________.
compresses the cheeks
The infraspinatus inserts on the ____________ of the humerus.
greater tubercle of the humerus
The infraspinatus muscle is included in the __________ muscles.
rotator cuff
The origins of the levator scapula are from the ___________ of four cervical vertebrae.
transverse processes
The pectoralis major muscle can be divided into groups of fibers superior, or __________, and inferior, or __________.
clavicular; sternocostal
The key actions of the pectoralis major muscle are __________
medial rotation and adduction
The rhomboid minor muscle sits __________.
superior to the rhomboid major
The actions of the internal obliques include __________.
compression of the abdomen to assist in forced expiration
The origins of the rectus abdominus muscle are on the __________.
pubic bone
The external intercostals elevate the rib cage during __________.
inspiration
The two heads of the biceps brachii combine to insert on the __________.
radial tuberosity
The brachialis muscle is located __________ to the biceps brachii muscle.
deep
The transversus abdominus muscle is innervated by the __________
intercostals nerve
All fibers of the triceps brachii are innervated by the __________.
radial nerve
The origins of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle are the __________.
lateral condyle and posterior surface of the femur
The gastrocnemius muscle is innervated by the __________
tibial nerve
The two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle converge to insert onto __________.
the calcaneus
The gluteus medius muscle is innervated by the _______
superior gluteal nerve
The action of the extensor digitorum longus muscle is to __________.
extend digits
The soleus muscle shares an insertion with the _________
gastrocnemius muscle
The soleus muscle __________ the foot at the ankle and is innervated by the __________.
flexes; tibial nerve
A prime mover or __________ produces a particular type of movement.
agonist
Muscles of facial expression differ from most skeletal muscles because they usually do NOT insert into a bone
True
Muscles that act on the __________ cause movement at the hip, knee, and foot joints.
lower limb
These abdominal muscles are responsible for giving me my “six-pack.” They also stabilize my pelvis when walking. They are the ___________ muscles.
rectus abdominis
The __________ is the largest and most superficial of the gluteal muscles.
gluteus maximus
This muscle closes the eyes, allowing you to wink or blink.
orbicularis oculi
This muscle originates on the zygomatic arch and inserts at the angle and ramus of the mandible. It is responsible for closing the jaw.
masseter
This large, fan-shaped muscle of the upper chest is the prime mover of arm flexion.
pectoralis major
Commonly referred to as the ________, this muscle group on the posterior thigh extends the hip.
hamstrings
This muscle allows you to stand on tiptoe when the knee is extended, and it flexes the knee when the foot is dorsiflexed.
gastrocnemius
This name reveals the number of the muscle’s origins.
triceps brachii
Brachioradialis and sternocleidomastoid are named for ________.
the location of their origin and insertion
Pectoralis major originates on the ________ and inserts in the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus.
clavicle and sternum
This superficial muscle covers a large part of the posterior thorax.
trapezius
Commonly called as the “tailors muscle,” this muscle allows one to sit in a cross-legged position.
sartorius
This muscle is named for the direction of its fibers.
external oblique
