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Human A+P 1. Spring 23 > Ch 1 Intro Into A+P > Flashcards

Ch 1 Intro Into A+P Flashcards

1
Q

a midsagittal section of the body would pass through the

A

Heart

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2
Q

what is anatomy

A

describes the structures of the body.
(what they are made of, what they look like and where they are located)

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3
Q

what is physiology

A

the study of the functions of anatomical structures individually and how they work as a unit.

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4
Q

Gross anatomy

A

also called macroscopic anatomy, examines large visible structures (can be seen with the naked eye)

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5
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

examines the cells and moleculed (cytology and histology) needs a microscope to examine most.

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6
Q

cell physiology

A

the study of cells

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7
Q

organ physiology

A

functions of specific organs

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8
Q

systemic physiology

A

functions of organ systems

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9
Q

pathological physiology

A

effects of diseases on the organs or systems

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10
Q

chemical level of organization

A

atoms and molecules

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11
Q

cellular level of organization

A

the level that studies cells as a whole

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12
Q

tissue level of organization

A

the level that studies the tissues that makeup the organs

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13
Q

organ level of organization

A

organs are two or more tissues working together

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14
Q

organ system level of organization

A

an organ system is a group of interacting organs that work together

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15
Q

organism level of organization

A

an individual life form is an organism

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16
Q

integumentary system (organs and function)

A

Skin
hair
sweat glands
nails
It helps protect against the outside environment, helps regulate body temperature, provides sensory information
Houses glands

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17
Q

skeletal system (organs and functions)

A

bones
cartilages
associated ligaments
bone marrow
provides support and protection for other tissues, stores calcium and other minerals
forms blood cells

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18
Q

Muscular system (organs and functions)

A

Skeletal muscles
associated tendons
provides movement, protection and support for tissues, generates heat that maintains the body temperature

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19
Q

nervous system (organs and functions)

A

brain and spinal cord
peripheral nerves
sense organs
directs immediate responses to stimuli, coordinated and moderated the organ systems, provides and interprets sensory information.

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20
Q

how many organ systems are there in the body

A

11 (12 if you count both reproductive seperate)

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21
Q

endocrine system (organs and functions)

A

pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands
pancreas and gonads
endocrine tissues in other systems
directs long term changes in other organ systems
adjusts metabolic activity and energy use
controls many structural and functional changes during development

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22
Q

Cardiovascular system (organs and functions)

A

heart
blood
blood vessels
distributes blood cells, water, nutrients. waste products, oxygen and carbon dioxide
distributes heat to control body temp

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23
Q

lymphatic system (organs and functions)

A

spleen
thymus
lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes
tonsils
defends against infection and disease, returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream

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24
Q

Respiratory system (organs and functions)

A

nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and alveoli
delivers air to alveoli
provides oxygen to the bloodstream, removed carbon dioxide from the bloodstream
produces sounds for communication

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25
Q

Digestive system (organs and functions)

A

teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
processes and digests food, absorbs and conserves water, absorbs nutrients, stores energy reserves

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26
Q

urinary system (organs and functions)

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
excretes waste products from the blood
controls water balance by regulating volume of urine produced
stores urine prior to voluntary elimination
regulates blood ion concentrations and Ph

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27
Q

Male reproductive system (organs and functions)

A

testes, epididymides, ducts diferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate glands, penis, scrotum
produces male sex cells (sperm), seminal fluids and hormones
sexual intercourse

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28
Q

female reproductive system (organs and functions)

A

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammary glands
produces female sex cells (oocytes) and hormones
supports developing embryo frim conception until delivery
provides milk to nourish offspring
sexual intercourse

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29
Q

anatomical posititon

A

hands at side feet slightly apart palms facing forward

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30
Q

supine

A

lying down face up

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31
Q

prone

A

lying down face down

32
Q

abdominopelvic quadrants

A

right upper (RUQ)
right lower (RLQ)
left upper (LUQ)
left lower (LLQ)

33
Q

abdominopelvic regions

A

right hypochondriac
epigastric
left hypochondriac
right lumbar
umbilical
left lumbar
right inguinal
hypogastric “pubic”
left inguinal

34
Q

proximal

A

to the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk

35
Q

distal

A

away frim the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk

36
Q

medial

A

towards midline

37
Q

lateral

A

side

38
Q

anterior

A

front

39
Q

posterior

A

back

40
Q

superior

A

above something

41
Q

inferior

A

below something

42
Q

cranial

A

to the head

43
Q

caudal

A

to the tail

44
Q

superficial

A

near the surface

45
Q

deep

A

to the inside

46
Q

frontal plane (coronal)

A

vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior

47
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical plane dividing the body into left and right portions

48
Q

midsagittal plane

A

a vertical plane that lies on the midline dividing body into left and right portions

49
Q

parasagittal plane

A

a vertical plane that is offset of the midline dividing the body into right and left portions.

50
Q

transverse plane

A

divides body into superior and inferior portions

51
Q

Viscera

A

internal organs

52
Q

thoracic cavity

A

right and left plural cavities that contain the lungs

mediastinum, upper portion filled with blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, and thymus

pericardial cavity is the lower portion and it contains the heart

53
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

peritoneal cavity chamber within the abdominopelvic cavity

abdominal cavity superior portion
contains the pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and parts of the digestive tract

pelvic cavity, inferior portion contains reproductive organs, rectum and bladder

54
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

lines the internal body walls

55
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

covers the organs

56
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging,
covers body with magnetic field and gives an image of the soft tissues structure

57
Q

PET

A

position emission tomography, asses metabolic and physiological activity of a structure

58
Q

Ultrasound

A

sends high frequency sound to show a verification of internal structures in real time briefly.

59
Q

body cavity

A

a cavity that is lined and contains certain organs, for protection and permits the size shape and changes in the organs

60
Q

Homeostasis

A

all body systems work together to maintain a stable internal environment

61
Q

what happens when homeostasis fails

A

serious illness or even death can occur

62
Q

homeostatic regulation

A

the adjustment of physiological system to preserve homeostasis

63
Q

autoregulation

A

(homeostatic regulation)
automatic response in a cell, tissue or organ to an environmental change

64
Q

extrinsic regulation

A

(homeostatic regulation) responses controlled by the nervous and endocrine systems

65
Q

what does a homeostatic mechanism consist of

A

a receptor (receives stimulus)
a control center (processes the signal and sends instructions)
an effector ( carries out instructions)

66
Q

negative feedback

A

is a corrective mechanism that opposes or negates a variation from normal limits.

67
Q

positive feedback

A

a mechanism that increases a deviation from normal limits after initial stimulus

68
Q

the diaphragm muscle separates what two cavities

A

thoracic and abdominopelvic

69
Q

the pituitary and thyroid gland are from what system

A

endocrine

70
Q

many medical terms are rooted in

A

Greek or latin

71
Q

the study of the first two months of development is termed

A

embryology

72
Q

serves a worldwide official standard for anatomical vocab

A

terminologia anatomica

73
Q

the study of the anatomical organization of specific areas of the body is called anatomy

A

regional

74
Q

the chin is to the nose

A

inferior

75
Q

visceral serosa

A

is the membrane that covers the internal organs

Human A+P 1. Spring 23 (17 decks)

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