Ch 14 The brain and cranial nerves Flashcards
How many major regions are contained within the diencephalon?
3
the thalamus, the epithalamus, and the hypothalamus.
Which part of the diencephalon is connected to the pituitary gland?
The hypothalamus is connected to the pituitary gland by the infundibulum.
Which region acts as a relay center for sensory messages ascending to the cerebrum?
The thalamus acts as a filter, sending the most important sensory messages on to the correct location in the cerebrum.
Which region of the diencephalon contains the pineal body?
The epithalamus is a region posterior to the thalamus that contains the pineal body.
The pineal body secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH). (true or false)
False
The pineal body secretes the hormone melatonin which is secreted when light is not entering the eyes (typically at night).
The diencephalon is found in between the brain stem and the cerebrum. (true or false)
True
The diencephalon forms the core of the brain, housed between the cerebrum and brainstem.
The most superior portion of the brain is the __________.
cerebral hemispheres
On the ventral surface of the brain, you can observe the optic nerves and chiasma, the pituitary gland, and the mammillary bodies. These externally visible structures form the floor of the __________.
diencephalon
Directly under the occipital lobes of the cerebrum is a large cauliflower-like structure known as the _________
cerebellum
The brain and spinal cord are covered and protected by three connective tissue layers called _________
meninges
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? __________
12
central sulcus
is the shallow groove that separates the frontal and parietal lobes.
This part of the peripheral nervous system controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
autonomic nervous system
The surface of the cerebral hemispheres consists of ridges and grooves. The shallow grooves are called ________.
sulci
Primary somatosensory cortex as well as many other sensory functions are located in this lobe of the brain.
parietal
In which lobe of the brain is the primary visual cortex located?
occipital
What is cerebral cortex?
the outermost grey matter covering the cerebrum
This part of the brain stem consists primarily of fiber tracts. It resembles a bridge
pons
The corpus callosum ________.
consists of fibers that connect the cerebral hemispheres
The sensory portion of the PNS carries electrical signals ________ the CNS; the motor portion carries electrical signals ________ the CNS.
toward, away from