Ch 14 The brain and cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many major regions are contained within the diencephalon?

A

3
the thalamus, the epithalamus, and the hypothalamus.

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2
Q

Which part of the diencephalon is connected to the pituitary gland?

A

The hypothalamus is connected to the pituitary gland by the infundibulum.

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3
Q

Which region acts as a relay center for sensory messages ascending to the cerebrum?

A

The thalamus acts as a filter, sending the most important sensory messages on to the correct location in the cerebrum.

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4
Q

Which region of the diencephalon contains the pineal body?

A

The epithalamus is a region posterior to the thalamus that contains the pineal body.

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5
Q

The pineal body secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH). (true or false)

A

False
The pineal body secretes the hormone melatonin which is secreted when light is not entering the eyes (typically at night).

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6
Q

The diencephalon is found in between the brain stem and the cerebrum. (true or false)

A

True
The diencephalon forms the core of the brain, housed between the cerebrum and brainstem.

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7
Q

The most superior portion of the brain is the __________.

A

cerebral hemispheres

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8
Q

On the ventral surface of the brain, you can observe the optic nerves and chiasma, the pituitary gland, and the mammillary bodies. These externally visible structures form the floor of the __________.

A

diencephalon

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9
Q

Directly under the occipital lobes of the cerebrum is a large cauliflower-like structure known as the _________

A

cerebellum

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10
Q

The brain and spinal cord are covered and protected by three connective tissue layers called _________

A

meninges

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11
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? __________

A

12

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12
Q

central sulcus

A

is the shallow groove that separates the frontal and parietal lobes.

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13
Q

This part of the peripheral nervous system controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

A

autonomic nervous system

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14
Q

The surface of the cerebral hemispheres consists of ridges and grooves. The shallow grooves are called ________.

A

sulci

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15
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex as well as many other sensory functions are located in this lobe of the brain.

A

parietal

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16
Q

In which lobe of the brain is the primary visual cortex located?

A

occipital

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17
Q

What is cerebral cortex?

A

the outermost grey matter covering the cerebrum

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18
Q

This part of the brain stem consists primarily of fiber tracts. It resembles a bridge

A

pons

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19
Q

The corpus callosum ________.

A

consists of fibers that connect the cerebral hemispheres

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20
Q

The sensory portion of the PNS carries electrical signals ________ the CNS; the motor portion carries electrical signals ________ the CNS.

A

toward, away from

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21
Q

The precentral gyrus ________.

A

is a major motor area of the brain

22
Q

This diencephalic structure is involved in many functions including temperature regulation, water balance, and fat and carbohydrate metabolism.

A

hypothalamus

23
Q

The falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli are formed by this connective tissue membrane.

A

dura mater

24
Q

This cranial nerve operates the muscles of the tongue.

A

hypoglossal

25
Q

What true about cranial nerves III, IV, and VI?

A

They move the eyeball.

26
Q

Arbor vitae refers to the ________.

A

white matter in the cerebellum

27
Q

A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected?

A

hypoglossal

28
Q

Which cranial nerve is tested by having the patient stick out their tongue?

A

hypoglossal

29
Q

How rapidly is the CSF volume replaced?

A

every 8 hours

30
Q

Damage to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus leads to which problem?

A

reduced ability to regulate body temp

31
Q

Damage to the premotor cortex of the frontal lobe would interfere with the ability to

A

play the piano

32
Q

Parkinson’s disease is the result of

A

inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons

33
Q

Specialized ________ form the secretory component of the choroid plexus.

A

ependymal cells

34
Q

The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the

A

medulla oblongata

35
Q

The primary motor cortex is the surface of the

A

precentral gyrus

36
Q

Commissural fibers

A

interconnect and allow communication between cerebral hemispheres

37
Q

The white structure that connects the cerebral hemispheres is the

A

corpus callosum

38
Q

The dural fold that projects into the longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres is called the

A

falx cerebri

39
Q

The cranial nerve that has three major branches is the

A

trigeminal

40
Q

Chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid are called

A

ventricles

41
Q

A tract of white matter that connects the hippocampus with the hypothalamus is the

A

fornix

42
Q

The brain requires a substantial blood supply. The vessels that deliver blood to the brain are the

A

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

43
Q

The thalamus is often called the “air traffic controller” of the brain because it

A

determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area

44
Q

Following a head injury, Kevin can think of the word he wants to say but cannot make his mouth form the correct sounds to produce the word. He is most likely suffering from damage to

A

brocas area

45
Q

During embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum?

A

telencephalon

46
Q

Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with

A

visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck

47
Q

Droopy eyelids and double vision can result from injury to the ________ nerve.

A

oculomotor

48
Q

The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the

A

vermis

49
Q

The term used to describe the crossing over of a tract to the side of the nervous system opposite to where the axons originated is

A

decussation

50
Q

After suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe.

A

left frontal