Ch 14 The brain and cranial nerves

Question 1

How many major regions are contained within the diencephalon?

Answer 1

3
the thalamus, the epithalamus, and the hypothalamus.

Question 2

Which part of the diencephalon is connected to the pituitary gland?

Answer 2

The hypothalamus is connected to the pituitary gland by the infundibulum.

Question 3

Which region acts as a relay center for sensory messages ascending to the cerebrum?

Answer 3

The thalamus acts as a filter, sending the most important sensory messages on to the correct location in the cerebrum.

Question 4

Which region of the diencephalon contains the pineal body?

Answer 4

The epithalamus is a region posterior to the thalamus that contains the pineal body.

Question 5

The pineal body secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH). (true or false)

Answer 5

False
The pineal body secretes the hormone melatonin which is secreted when light is not entering the eyes (typically at night).

Question 6

The diencephalon is found in between the brain stem and the cerebrum. (true or false)

Answer 6

True
The diencephalon forms the core of the brain, housed between the cerebrum and brainstem.

Question 7

The most superior portion of the brain is the __________.

Answer 7

cerebral hemispheres

Question 8

On the ventral surface of the brain, you can observe the optic nerves and chiasma, the pituitary gland, and the mammillary bodies. These externally visible structures form the floor of the __________.

Answer 8

diencephalon

Question 9

Directly under the occipital lobes of the cerebrum is a large cauliflower-like structure known as the _________

Answer 9

cerebellum

Question 10

The brain and spinal cord are covered and protected by three connective tissue layers called _________

Answer 10

meninges

Question 11

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? __________

Answer 11

12

Question 12

central sulcus

Answer 12

is the shallow groove that separates the frontal and parietal lobes.

Question 13

This part of the peripheral nervous system controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Answer 13

autonomic nervous system

Question 14

The surface of the cerebral hemispheres consists of ridges and grooves. The shallow grooves are called ________.

Answer 14

sulci

Question 15

Primary somatosensory cortex as well as many other sensory functions are located in this lobe of the brain.

Answer 15

parietal

Question 16

In which lobe of the brain is the primary visual cortex located?

Answer 16

occipital

Question 17

What is cerebral cortex?

Answer 17

the outermost grey matter covering the cerebrum

Question 18

This part of the brain stem consists primarily of fiber tracts. It resembles a bridge

Answer 18

pons

Question 19

The corpus callosum ________.

Answer 19

consists of fibers that connect the cerebral hemispheres

Question 20

The sensory portion of the PNS carries electrical signals ________ the CNS; the motor portion carries electrical signals ________ the CNS.

Answer 20

toward, away from

Question 21

The precentral gyrus ________.

Answer 21

is a major motor area of the brain

Question 22

This diencephalic structure is involved in many functions including temperature regulation, water balance, and fat and carbohydrate metabolism.

Answer 22

hypothalamus

Question 23

The falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli are formed by this connective tissue membrane.

Answer 23

dura mater

Question 24

This cranial nerve operates the muscles of the tongue.

Answer 24

hypoglossal

Question 25

What true about cranial nerves III, IV, and VI?

Answer 25

They move the eyeball.

Question 26

Arbor vitae refers to the ________.

Answer 26

white matter in the cerebellum

Question 27

A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected?

Answer 27

hypoglossal

Question 28

Which cranial nerve is tested by having the patient stick out their tongue?

Answer 28

hypoglossal

Question 29

How rapidly is the CSF volume replaced?

Answer 29

every 8 hours

Question 30

Damage to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus leads to which problem?

Answer 30

reduced ability to regulate body temp

Question 31

Damage to the premotor cortex of the frontal lobe would interfere with the ability to

Answer 31

play the piano

Question 32

Parkinson's disease is the result of

Answer 32

inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons

Question 33

Specialized ________ form the secretory component of the choroid plexus.

Answer 33

ependymal cells

Question 34

The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the

Answer 34

medulla oblongata

Question 35

The primary motor cortex is the surface of the

Answer 35

precentral gyrus

Question 36

Commissural fibers

Answer 36

interconnect and allow communication between cerebral hemispheres

Question 37

The white structure that connects the cerebral hemispheres is the

Answer 37

corpus callosum

Question 38

The dural fold that projects into the longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres is called the

Answer 38

falx cerebri

Question 39

The cranial nerve that has three major branches is the

Answer 39

trigeminal

Question 40

Chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid are called

Answer 40

ventricles

Question 41

A tract of white matter that connects the hippocampus with the hypothalamus is the

Answer 41

fornix

Question 42

The brain requires a substantial blood supply. The vessels that deliver blood to the brain are the

Answer 42

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

Question 43

The thalamus is often called the "air traffic controller" of the brain because it

Answer 43

determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area

Question 44

Following a head injury, Kevin can think of the word he wants to say but cannot make his mouth form the correct sounds to produce the word. He is most likely suffering from damage to

Answer 44

brocas area

Question 45

During embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum?

Answer 45

telencephalon

Question 46

Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with

Answer 46

visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck

Question 47

Droopy eyelids and double vision can result from injury to the ________ nerve.

Answer 47

oculomotor

Question 48

The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the

Answer 48

vermis

Question 49

The term used to describe the crossing over of a tract to the side of the nervous system opposite to where the axons originated is

Answer 49

decussation

Question 50

After suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe.

Answer 50

left frontal