Ch 6 Bones and bone structures Flashcards
Skeletal system
The system includes bones of the skeleton, cartilages, ligaments and other connective tissues
What are the primary functions of the skeletal system
Support
Storage of minerals and lipids
Blood cell production
Protection
Leverage
Bones are classified by their?
Shape and structure
What are the different bone shapes
Sutural
Irregular
Short
Flat
Long
Sesmoid
Sutural bones / wormian bones
Small, flat, regularly shaped bones
Between the flat bones of the skull
The number May vary among individuals
Irregular bones
These have complex shapes
Examples are your spinal vertebrae and pelvic bones
Short bones
These are boxy
Examples are your carpal bones and tarsal bones
Flat bones
Thin with parallel surface
Examples are the bones of your skull roof your sternum ribs and scapulae
Long bones
These are long and slender
Examples are in your arms legs palms soles fingers and toes
Sesamoid bone
These are usually small round and flat
Develop within tendons near joints
Example is your patella or your kneecap
Bone markings
Are the surface features of your bone
Projections
Areas where muscles tendons and ligaments May attach or at articulations with your other bones
Openings and depressions
These are for passage of blood vessels and your nerves
Diaphysis/shaft
This is part of a long bone
Wall of compact bone in central space called medullary cavity or marrow cavity
Ephiphysis
The wide part at the end of each long bone
This is mostly made of spongy bone
Metaphysis
This is the area where the diaphysis and the Epiphysis meet
What are the four types of bone cells
Osteogenic cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Osteogenic cells
Also called osteoporogenitor cells
Located in intercellular layer of periosteum and in endosteum
These assist in fracture repair
Osteoblasts
These are immature cells that produce new bone matrix during osteogenesis or ossification
Osteoblasts that are surrounded by bone matrix become osteocytes
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells that do not divide they live in the lacunae between layers of The matrix
The two major functions are maintaining protein and mineral content of matrix and helping repair damaged bone
Osteoclast
Absorb and remove bone matrix
These are derived from the same stem cells that produce monocytes and macrophages
Spongy bone
Bone that lacks osteons The matrix forms and open network of trabeculae
This in turn makes the bone look like a sponge.
Bone marrow fill spaces between trebekulae
Red bone marrow
Fill spaces between the trabeculae and spongy bone
Forms red blood cells and contains blood vessels that supply nutrients to osteocytes by diffusion
Yellow bone marrow
Is found in other sites of spongy bone and stores fat
Periosteum
Is the membrane that covers the outside of Bones except within the joint cavities
This also helps to increase strength of attachment by perforating fibers that become incorporated into the bones tissue
Ossification
Also called osteogenesis
This is bone formation
Calcification
The deposition of calcium salts that occurs during ossification
Some humans bones can grow until what age
25
Fractures
Are cracks or breaks in Bones due to physical stress
Osteopenia
Inadequate ossification / reduction of bone
The speed winds between ages 30 and 40 women tend to lose 8% of bone mass per decade and men lose three
Osteoporosis
Severe loss of bone mass
This compromise is the normal function of Bones
Generally over the age of 45 and occurs in 29% of women and 18% of men
