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Human A+P 1. Spring 23 > Ch 5 The integumentary system > Flashcards

Ch 5 The integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary system

A

Is the largest system of the body and has two major parts that cutaneous membrane or your skin and the accessory structures which include hair exocrine glands and nails for example

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2
Q

What are the two major parts of the integumentary system

A

Cutaneous membrane
Accessory structures

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3
Q

The components of the cutaneous membrane

A

Are the outer epidermis
In the inner epidermis

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4
Q

Accessory structures

A

Originate in the dermis and expand through the epidermis to the skin surface
For example hair and hair follicles, exocrine glands, nails

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5
Q

Subcutaneous layer / hypodermis

A

Is below the dermis and made of loose connective tissues
This is where blood vessels and send through receptors are

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6
Q

Thin skin

A

Covers most of the body and has four layers of keratinocytes
It is about as thick as a plastic sandwich bag

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7
Q

Thick skin

A

Covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
It has five layers of keratinocytes and is about as thick as a paper towel

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8
Q

What are the five strata (layers) of keratinocytes in thick thick skin

A

From deepest to most superficial
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

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9
Q

Stratum Basale (stratum germinativum)

A

This is the deepest basal layer of the epidermis it attaches to the basement membrane forming a strong bond between epidermis and dermis

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10
Q

Stratum spinosum/ the spiny layer

A

Cells in this layer look like little pin cushions 8 to 10 layers of keratinocytes bound by desmosomes they are produced by cells division in the stratum Basel in contain dendritic cells which are active in immune response

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11
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

The granular layer there are three to five layers of keratinocytes produced from cells of the stratum spinosum by the time cells enter this layer most have stopped dividing and have started making large amounts of keratin
After production of protein these cells die

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12
Q

Stratum lucidum slash the clear layer

A

This is found only in thick skin and covers the stratum granulosum the cells are flat and densely packed mostly without organelles and fiied with keratin

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13
Q

Stratum corneum / the horny layer

A

It’s the exposed surface of skin both in thick and thin layers it is water resistant and 15 to 30 layers of keratinized cells new cells move from stratum basal to stratum corneum and 7 to 10 days

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14
Q

Exposed cells are shed after how many weeks

A

Two

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15
Q

How long does it take new cells to move from the stratum Basel to the stratum corneum

A

7 to 10 days

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16
Q

Insensible perspiration

A

Evaporative water loss by diffusion across the epithelium of skin or evaporative across the alveolar surface of the lungs

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17
Q

Sensible perspiration

A

Water loss due to secretion by sweat glands

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18
Q

What happens when damage breaks connections between superficial and deeper layers of the epidermis

A

It can increase the rate of insensible perspiration fluid accumulates in pockets also called blisters

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19
Q

Dermis

A

Located between epidermis and subcutaneous layers of skin
This layer anchors the epidermal accessory structures such as hair follicles and sweat glands

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20
Q

Cutaneous plexus

A

Deep network of arteries along the reticular layer of the dermis

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21
Q

Sub papillary plexus

A

Network of small arteries in the papillary layer of the dermis

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22
Q

Subcutaneous layer/hypodermis

A

This layer lies deep to the dermis connected to reticular layer by connective tissue it’s stabilizes the position of the skin

23
Q

What two pigments influence the color of skin in the epidermis

A

Melanin and carotene

24
Q

Melanin

A

Melanin is produced by melanocytes stored in intercellular vesicles called melanozomes red/yellow or brown / black pigment.
Dark skinned people have a large and numerous amount of melanosomes these protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation

25
Q

Carotene

A

Orange / yellow pigment
It is found in Orange vegetables and accumulates an epidermal cells the deep dermis and subcutaneous layer it can be converted to vitamin a and is required for maintenance of epithelia and synthesis of photo receptor pigments in the eye.

26
Q

Does blood flow or oxygenation influence your skin color?

A

Yes it does

27
Q

Hemoglobin is bright red when bound to oxygen what does this mean for your skin tone

A

When blood vessels dilate from heat your skin red ends when blood flow to skin decreases your skin will pale

28
Q

Hemoglobin turns dark red when oxygen is released what does this mean regarding your skin tone

A

This can result in cyanosis or bluish colored skin and can be caused by extreme cold heart asthma decreased oxygen etc

29
Q

Jaundice

A

Build up of bile produced by your liver
Can cause skin and the whites of your eyes to turn yellow

30
Q

Vitiligo

A

Loss of melanocytes causing color loss

31
Q

What is the function of hair

A

Protects and insulates
Guard openings from particles and insects
Serve a sensory receptors

32
Q

All of the body is covered in hair except

A

Palms, fingers
Sides and soles of feet as well as sides and soles of toes
Lips
Portions of external genitalia

33
Q

Hair root

A

Portion that anchors the hair into the skin

34
Q

Hair shaft

A

Upper part of the hair that you see

35
Q

Vellas hairs

A

Soft fine hair that covers most of the body’s surface

36
Q

Terminal hair

A

Heavily pigmented hairs
Found on head eyebrows and eyelashes and other parts of your body after puberty

37
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Oil glands

38
Q

Eccrine sweat glands

A

Glands that are widely distributed on the body’s surface secretions are 99% water Plus salt

39
Q

Mammary glands

A

Produce milk

40
Q

Ceruminous glance

A

Produce ear wax which is also called cerumen

41
Q

Nails

A

Nails are hard protective tips on fingers and toes made of dead sails packed with keratin

42
Q

Nail body

A

Visible portion of the nail and covers the nail bed

43
Q

Nail bed

A

Part of the nail that is underneath the actual fingernail or the nail body

44
Q

What are the aging effects on skin

A

Epidermis thins

Number of dedritic cells decrease

Vitamin D3 production declines

Melanocyte and glandular activities decline

Blood supply to the dermis is reduced

Function of hair follicles declined

The dermis thins in elastic fiber Network shrinks

Sex specific hair and body fat distribution fades

The repair rate slows down

45
Q

Identify 1

A

Mantle

46
Q

Identify 2

A

Cuticle

47
Q

Identify 3

A

Lunula

48
Q

Identify 4

A

Nail body

49
Q

Identify 5

A

Free edge

50
Q

Identify 6

A

Hypoonychium

51
Q

Identify 7

A

Nail groove

52
Q

Identify 8

A

Nail wall

53
Q

Identify 9

A

Nail bed

54
Q

Identify 10

A

Matrix

Human A+P 1. Spring 23 (17 decks)

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