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Human A+P 1. Spring 23 > Ch 4 Tissue level of organization > Flashcards

Ch 4 Tissue level of organization Flashcards

1
Q

Tissues

A

Collections of specialized cells in cell products that perform specific functions tissues in a combination form organs

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2
Q

Histology

A

Is the study of tissues

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3
Q

What are the four types of

A

1 epithelial
2 connective
3 muscle
4 nervous

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4
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers exposed surfaces lines the internal passageways and forms glands

Example is your skin

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5
Q

Connective tissue

A

This fills internal spaces supports other tissues transport materials in stores energy

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6
Q

Muscle

A

Specialized for contraction
Skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and muscular walls of hollow organs

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7
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Carries electrical signals from one part of the body to another

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8
Q

What are the functions of the epithelial tissues

A

It provides physical protection
Controls permeability
Provides sensation
Produces specialized secretions

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9
Q

Cell junctions

A

Are specialized areas of the plasma membrane that attach a cell to another cell or two extracellular materials

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10
Q

Gap junctions

A

Our connections between the cells that permit electrical coupling

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11
Q

Tight junctions

A

Also called occluding junctions they provide connection between cells formed by the fusion of membrane proteins and are tightly bound

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12
Q

Desmosomes

A

Are very strong and can resist stretching and twisting

Spot desmosomes are generally formed by the component of two cells, tie cells together in a dense area in connection to the cytoskeleton this connection gives the decimals and the epithelium it’s strength

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13
Q

How does damaged skin generally come off

A

In sheets,
A good example is when you peel from the Sun

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14
Q

Basal lamina

A

An amorphous, ill organized layer thought to function as a selective filter it is closest to the epithelium

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15
Q

Reticular lamina

A

Is the deeper portion of the basement membrane it provides strength and consists mostly of reticular fibers and ground substance

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16
Q

Squamous epithelia

A

An epithelium who’s superficial cells are flattened and plate like they are somewhat irregular in shape

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17
Q

Cuboidal epithelium

A

Resembles hexagonal boxes from the apical surfaces

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18
Q

Columnar epithelia

A

Appears rectangular but they are hexagonal they are taller and more slender than cells in the qdobal epithelia

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19
Q

Transitional epithelia

A

Cells can change between being squamous and Qdoba this is because it permits repeated cycles of stretching without causing damage

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20
Q

Glands

A

Our cells that produce exocrine and endocrine secretions

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21
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Release hormones that enter the bloodstream and have no ducks

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22
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Are glands at secreton to the body surface and the passageway connected to the exterior through ducts

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23
Q

Connective tissues

A

There are four different types, providing a structural framework that stabilizes the relative positions of the other tissue types

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24
Q

Matrix

A

Consists of extracellular components of connective tissues like fibers and ground substances

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25
Q

Vascular

A

Many blood vessels

26
Q

Avascular

A

No blood vessels

27
Q

Connective tissue proper

A

Is a category of connective tissues that connect and protects
Examples are fat and tendons

28
Q

Fluid connective tissues

A

Are a category of connective tissues that provide transport.
Blood and lymph are the only two in this category

29
Q

Supporting connective tissues

A

Our category of connective tissues that provide structural strength
Cartilage and Bone are the only two in this group

30
Q

What are the connective tissue fibers

A

Collagen fibers
Reticular fibers
Elastic fibers

31
Q

White fat

A

Is pale or a yellow in color color
It is most common, stores fat and absorbs shocks, slows heat loss providing insulation

32
Q

Brown fat

A

Is found in babies and young children, provides breakdown of lipids releases energy and warms the body

33
Q

Superficial fascia

A

Separates skin from underlying tissues

34
Q

Deep Basha

A

Sheets of dense regular connective tissues

35
Q

Subserous fascia

A

Lies between deep Basha and the serous membrane that line body cavities

36
Q

Blood

A

Contains a watery matrix called plasma, contain cells and cell fragments collectively known as formed elements these are red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

37
Q

Lymph

A

The fluid content of lymphatic vessels similar in composition to interstitle fluid

38
Q

What are the three types of cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage

39
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Is the most common type it provides stiff but flexible support reduces friction between bony surfaces it is found in the synovial joints, rib tips, sternum, trachea, larynx, bronchi, and part of the nasal septum

40
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Provides support but tolerates distortion without damage it is found in external ear and the epiglottis and the auditory canal

41
Q

Fiber cartilage

A

Very durable and tough it resists compression and prevents bone to bone contact / limits movement it is found around joints, between the pubic bones, in between the spinal vertebrae

42
Q

Interstitial growth

A

Form of cartilage growth in which the cartilage enlarges from within

43
Q

Oppositional growth

A

A form of cartilage Grove in which the outer surface of the cartilage gradually increases in size

44
Q

Bone

A

A bone is a strong connective tissue containing specialized cells and a mineralized matrix of systoline calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
It supports the weight of the body and in some places protects the internal organs

45
Q

Periosteum

A

Is a layer that surrounds a bone consisting of an outer fibrous region and intercellular region

46
Q

Tissue membrane

A

Are physical barriers that are all made of epithelial tissues they line or cover body surfaces

47
Q

Mucous membrane

A

They line passageways that have external connections and are coated with the secretions from the mucus gland
You can find this in the digestive the respiratory urinary and reproductive tract

48
Q

Serous membrane

A

Line the peritoneal plural and pericardial cavities.
It is thin but strong the parietal portion lines the inner surface of the cavity and the visceral portion also called serosa covers the organ

49
Q

Peritoneum

A

Lions the peritoneal cavities and covers abdominal organs

50
Q

Pleura

A

Lions pleural cavities and covers the lungs

51
Q

Pericardium

A

Lines the pericardial cavity and covers the heart

52
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

Skin that covers the body, thick relatively waterproof and usually dry

53
Q

Synovial membranes

A

Line synovial joint cavities movement stimulates the production of synovial fluid for lubrication and has lack of a true epithelium

54
Q

Striated voluntary muscle

A

A striped muscle that you can voluntarily move

55
Q

Striated involuntary muscle

A

A striped muscle that moves on its own and you have no control over for example your cardiac muscles

56
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Muscle tissue in the walls of many visceral organs smooth muscle is considered non-strited because of appearance and because the nervous system doesn’t not voluntary control them

57
Q

Inflammation/inflammatory response

A

Is a nonspecific defense mechanism that operates at the tissue level characterized by swelling redness heat pain and sometimes loss of function.

58
Q

What are the signs of inflammation

A

Swelling redness heat pain and sometimes loss of function

59
Q

What can trigger inflammatory response

A

Trauma or physical injury
Infection or the presence of pathogens
Damaged cells
Damage connective tissues

60
Q

Necrosis

A

The destruction of tissue

61
Q

Abscess

A

Pus trapped in an enclosed area

Human A+P 1. Spring 23 (17 decks)

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