Ch 16 The autonomic nervous system and higher order functions

Question 1

Based on stimulation studies, the “headquarters” of the reticular activating system appears to be based in the

Answer 1

midbrain

Question 2

The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is said to function during “rest and digest.”

Answer 2

parasympathetic

Question 3

The statement “Its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter” is

Answer 3

true for only the parasympathetic nervous system

Question 4

Parasympathetic blocking agents can be useful in treating

Answer 4

urinary incontinence

Question 5

The statement “It initiates contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscle” is

Answer 5

true only for the parasympathetic nervous system

Question 6

The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state?

Answer 6

digestion

Question 7

Blocking ________ receptors in the ________ prevents long-term memory formation.

Answer 7

NMDA hippocampus

Question 8

Damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve would likely cause

Answer 8

a reduction in saliva

Question 9

Tom suffers from hypertension (high blood pressure). Which of the following might help deal with his problem?

Answer 9

drug that blocks alpha 1 receptors in smooth muscle and block beta receptors in cardiac muscle

Question 10

In general, autonomic tone of peripheral blood vessels increases when

Answer 10

sympathetic stimulation is increased

Question 11

Which of the following is an inherited disease characterized by destruction of ACh-secreting and GABA-secreting neurons in the basal nuclei causing difficulty controlling movements?

Answer 11

huntingtins disease

Question 12

The regulation of awake-asleep cycles appears to involve an interplay between brain stem nuclei that use different neurotransmitters. The one that favors alertness is ________ and the other promoting deep sleep is ________.

Answer 12

norepinephrine: serotonin

Question 13

Autonomic tone is an important aspect of ANS function because it

Answer 13

allows ANS neurons to increase or decrease their activity, providing a range of control options.

Question 14

Visceral reflex arcs can bypass CNS neurons in ________ reflexes.

Answer 14

short

Question 15

Nicotine poisoning differs from muscarine poisoning in that

Answer 15

it causes skeletal muscle convulsions

Question 16

Control of the diameter of the respiratory passages depends upon

Answer 16

both sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 17

A pedestrian narrowly avoids being hit by an oncoming car. He notices that it takes a little while for his heart rate and respiratory rate to return to normal. This is likely because

Answer 17

sympathetic activation of the adrenal medulla has released epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream.

Question 18

The ________ nervous system stimulates the arrector pili muscles and gives you “goosebumps.”

Answer 18

sympathetic

Question 19

The celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglia are collectively called ________ ganglia.

Answer 19

collateral

Question 20

Drugs that have effects similar to those of sympathetic activation are called sympathomimetic drugs. Which of the following would you not expect to observe in a person who has taken a sympathomimetic drug?

Answer 20

decreased blood pressure

Question 21

Which of the following is not innervated by the celiac ganglia?

Answer 21

bladder

Question 22

The __________ nervous system is the subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates body activities that are generally not under conscious control.

Answer 22

autonomic

Question 23

Cholinergic fibers release epinephrine.

Answer 23

false

Question 24

Where are ganglia of the parasympathetic division located?

Answer 24

in or near effector organs

Question 25

Outflow of the sympathetic division occurs from which regions of the CNS?

Answer 25

thoracic and lumbar

Question 26

Which organ receives major input from the sympathetic, but not parasympathetic, division?

Answer 26

skin

Question 27

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) ________.

Answer 27

serves smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 28

The second neuron of the two-neuron chain in the ANS is called the ________ neuron.

Answer 28

postganglionic

Question 29

The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system are located in the ________.

Answer 29

lateral horns of T1 to L2 of the spinal cord

Question 30

The ganglia of the parasympathetic division of the ANS are located ________

Answer 30

within the walls of, or close to, the organs served

Question 31

The following structures are innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.

Answer 31

heart, lungs, stomach, and intestines heart

Question 32

The postganglionic axons of sympathetic neurons are ________

Answer 32

adrenergic; they release norepinephrine

Question 33

The motor neurons of this division of the nervous system are located in the brain stem or ventral horns of the spinal cord and send their axons directly to muscles.

Answer 33

somatic nervous system

Question 34

The function of the parasympathetic nervous system is _____

Answer 34

housekeeping or "resting and digesting"

Question 35

The sympathetic pathway has ________ preganglionic fibers and ________ postganglionic fibers.

Answer 35

short; long

Question 36

Which structure is innervated only by the sympathetic division of the ANS?

Answer 36

skin

Question 37

This division of the ANS increases motility and secretion in the digestive tract.

Answer 37

parasympathetic

Question 38

This division of the ANS increases both the rate and force of contraction of the heart.

Answer 38

sympathetic

Question 39

Drugs that mimic the action of norepinephrine are likely to affect ________.

Answer 39

the sympathetic division of the ANS

Question 40

The preganglionic axons of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons are ________.

Answer 40

cholinergic; they release acetylcholine

Question 41

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is also known as the __________ division.

Answer 41

craniosacral