Ch 16 The autonomic nervous system and higher order functions Flashcards

1
Q

Based on stimulation studies, the “headquarters” of the reticular activating system appears to be based in the

A

midbrain

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2
Q

The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is said to function during “rest and digest.”

A

parasympathetic

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3
Q

The statement “Its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter” is

A

true for only the parasympathetic nervous system

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4
Q

Parasympathetic blocking agents can be useful in treating

A

urinary incontinence

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5
Q

The statement “It initiates contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscle” is

A

true only for the parasympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state?

A

digestion

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7
Q

Blocking ________ receptors in the ________ prevents long-term memory formation.

A

NMDA hippocampus

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8
Q

Damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve would likely cause

A

a reduction in saliva

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9
Q

Tom suffers from hypertension (high blood pressure). Which of the following might help deal with his problem?

A

drug that blocks alpha 1 receptors in smooth muscle and block beta receptors in cardiac muscle

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10
Q

In general, autonomic tone of peripheral blood vessels increases when

A

sympathetic stimulation is increased

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11
Q

Which of the following is an inherited disease characterized by destruction of ACh-secreting and GABA-secreting neurons in the basal nuclei causing difficulty controlling movements?

A

huntingtins disease

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12
Q

The regulation of awake-asleep cycles appears to involve an interplay between brain stem nuclei that use different neurotransmitters. The one that favors alertness is ________ and the other promoting deep sleep is ________.

A

norepinephrine: serotonin

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13
Q

Autonomic tone is an important aspect of ANS function because it

A

allows ANS neurons to increase or decrease their activity, providing a range of control options.

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14
Q

Visceral reflex arcs can bypass CNS neurons in ________ reflexes.

A

short

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15
Q

Nicotine poisoning differs from muscarine poisoning in that

A

it causes skeletal muscle convulsions

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16
Q

Control of the diameter of the respiratory passages depends upon

A

both sympathetic and parasympathetic

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17
Q

A pedestrian narrowly avoids being hit by an oncoming car. He notices that it takes a little while for his heart rate and respiratory rate to return to normal. This is likely because

A

sympathetic activation of the adrenal medulla has released epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream.

18
Q

The ________ nervous system stimulates the arrector pili muscles and gives you “goosebumps.”

A

sympathetic

19
Q

The celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglia are collectively called ________ ganglia.

A

collateral

20
Q

Drugs that have effects similar to those of sympathetic activation are called sympathomimetic drugs. Which of the following would you not expect to observe in a person who has taken a sympathomimetic drug?

A

decreased blood pressure

21
Q

Which of the following is not innervated by the celiac ganglia?

22
Q

The __________ nervous system is the subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates body activities that are generally not under conscious control.

23
Q

Cholinergic fibers release epinephrine.

24
Q

Where are ganglia of the parasympathetic division located?

A

in or near effector organs

25
Outflow of the sympathetic division occurs from which regions of the CNS?
thoracic and lumbar
26
Which organ receives major input from the sympathetic, but not parasympathetic, division?
skin
27
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) ________.
serves smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
28
The second neuron of the two-neuron chain in the ANS is called the ________ neuron.
postganglionic
29
The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system are located in the ________.
lateral horns of T1 to L2 of the spinal cord
30
The ganglia of the parasympathetic division of the ANS are located ________
within the walls of, or close to, the organs served
31
The following structures are innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.
heart, lungs, stomach, and intestines heart
32
The postganglionic axons of sympathetic neurons are ________
adrenergic; they release norepinephrine
33
The motor neurons of this division of the nervous system are located in the brain stem or ventral horns of the spinal cord and send their axons directly to muscles.
somatic nervous system
34
The function of the parasympathetic nervous system is _____
housekeeping or "resting and digesting"
35
The sympathetic pathway has ________ preganglionic fibers and ________ postganglionic fibers.
short; long
36
Which structure is innervated only by the sympathetic division of the ANS?
skin
37
This division of the ANS increases motility and secretion in the digestive tract.
parasympathetic
38
This division of the ANS increases both the rate and force of contraction of the heart.
sympathetic
39
Drugs that mimic the action of norepinephrine are likely to affect ________.
the sympathetic division of the ANS
40
The preganglionic axons of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons are ________.
cholinergic; they release acetylcholine
41
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is also known as the __________ division.
craniosacral