Ch 16 The autonomic nervous system and higher order functions Flashcards

1
Q

Based on stimulation studies, the “headquarters” of the reticular activating system appears to be based in the

A

midbrain

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2
Q

The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is said to function during “rest and digest.”

A

parasympathetic

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3
Q

The statement “Its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter” is

A

true for only the parasympathetic nervous system

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4
Q

Parasympathetic blocking agents can be useful in treating

A

urinary incontinence

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5
Q

The statement “It initiates contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscle” is

A

true only for the parasympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state?

A

digestion

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7
Q

Blocking ________ receptors in the ________ prevents long-term memory formation.

A

NMDA hippocampus

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8
Q

Damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve would likely cause

A

a reduction in saliva

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9
Q

Tom suffers from hypertension (high blood pressure). Which of the following might help deal with his problem?

A

drug that blocks alpha 1 receptors in smooth muscle and block beta receptors in cardiac muscle

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10
Q

In general, autonomic tone of peripheral blood vessels increases when

A

sympathetic stimulation is increased

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11
Q

Which of the following is an inherited disease characterized by destruction of ACh-secreting and GABA-secreting neurons in the basal nuclei causing difficulty controlling movements?

A

huntingtins disease

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12
Q

The regulation of awake-asleep cycles appears to involve an interplay between brain stem nuclei that use different neurotransmitters. The one that favors alertness is ________ and the other promoting deep sleep is ________.

A

norepinephrine: serotonin

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13
Q

Autonomic tone is an important aspect of ANS function because it

A

allows ANS neurons to increase or decrease their activity, providing a range of control options.

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14
Q

Visceral reflex arcs can bypass CNS neurons in ________ reflexes.

A

short

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15
Q

Nicotine poisoning differs from muscarine poisoning in that

A

it causes skeletal muscle convulsions

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16
Q

Control of the diameter of the respiratory passages depends upon

A

both sympathetic and parasympathetic

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17
Q

A pedestrian narrowly avoids being hit by an oncoming car. He notices that it takes a little while for his heart rate and respiratory rate to return to normal. This is likely because

A

sympathetic activation of the adrenal medulla has released epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream.

18
Q

The ________ nervous system stimulates the arrector pili muscles and gives you “goosebumps.”

A

sympathetic

19
Q

The celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglia are collectively called ________ ganglia.

A

collateral

20
Q

Drugs that have effects similar to those of sympathetic activation are called sympathomimetic drugs. Which of the following would you not expect to observe in a person who has taken a sympathomimetic drug?

A

decreased blood pressure

21
Q

Which of the following is not innervated by the celiac ganglia?

A

bladder

22
Q

The __________ nervous system is the subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates body activities that are generally not under conscious control.

A

autonomic

23
Q

Cholinergic fibers release epinephrine.

A

false

24
Q

Where are ganglia of the parasympathetic division located?

A

in or near effector organs

25
Q

Outflow of the sympathetic division occurs from which regions of the CNS?

A

thoracic and lumbar

26
Q

Which organ receives major input from the sympathetic, but not parasympathetic, division?

A

skin

27
Q

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) ________.

A

serves smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

28
Q

The second neuron of the two-neuron chain in the ANS is called the ________ neuron.

A

postganglionic

29
Q

The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system are located in the ________.

A

lateral horns of T1 to L2 of the spinal cord

30
Q

The ganglia of the parasympathetic division of the ANS are located ________

A

within the walls of, or close to, the organs served

31
Q

The following structures are innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.

A

heart, lungs, stomach, and intestines
heart

32
Q

The postganglionic axons of sympathetic neurons are ________

A

adrenergic; they release norepinephrine

33
Q

The motor neurons of this division of the nervous system are located in the brain stem or ventral horns of the spinal cord and send their axons directly to muscles.

A

somatic nervous system

34
Q

The function of the parasympathetic nervous system is _____

A

housekeeping or “resting and digesting”

35
Q

The sympathetic pathway has ________ preganglionic fibers and ________ postganglionic fibers.

A

short; long

36
Q

Which structure is innervated only by the sympathetic division of the ANS?

A

skin

37
Q

This division of the ANS increases motility and secretion in the digestive tract.

A

parasympathetic

38
Q

This division of the ANS increases both the rate and force of contraction of the heart.

A

sympathetic

39
Q

Drugs that mimic the action of norepinephrine are likely to affect ________.

A

the sympathetic division of the ANS

40
Q

The preganglionic axons of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons are ________.

A

cholinergic; they release acetylcholine

41
Q

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is also known as the __________ division.

A

craniosacral