Ch 7 The axial skeleton Flashcards
Axial skeleton
These are the bones of head and trunk this forms the longitudinal axis of the body
Appendicular skeleton
Are the bones that support the limbs
How many bones are in the axial skeleton
80
what are the functions of the axial skeletons
supports and protects the organs in the body cavities.
provides points of attachment for muscles .
how many bones does the skull contain
22
(18 in the cranium and 14 in the face)
sutures
are immovable joints of the skull
Lambdoid suture
separates occipital from parietal bones
coronal suture
attaches frontal bone to parietal bones
sagittal suture
between the parietal bones
squamous sutures
join temporal bones with parietal bones
sinuses
air filled chambers in the skull
what are the functions of the sinuses
decreases weight of the skull
lined with mucous membranes
serves as resonating chambers in speech production
cranial bones
8 cranial bones. encloses the cranial cavity.
what forms the skull cap/calvaria
the occipital, right and left parietal and frontal bones
occipital bone
parietal bones
frontal bones
temporal bone
sphenoid
ethmoid
what are the temporal bones
squamous part
zygomatic process
mandibular fossa
mastoid process
styloid process
petrous part
auditory ossicles
squamous part
zygomatic process
mandibular fossa
mastoid process
styloid process
petrous part
auditory ossicles
superior nasal conchae
middle nasal conchae
perpendicular plate
what are the facial bones
maxillae
palatine bones
nasal bones
vomer
inferior nasal conchae
zygomatic bones
lacrimal bones
mandible
hyoid bone
maxillae
cleft palate
is an incomplete development of the palatine bones
palatine bones
nasal bones
vomer
inferior nasal conchae
zygomatic bones
lacrimal bones
mandible
hyoid bone
what are the orbits
eye sockets (seven bones form each)
infant skull
what time frame does the skull have the most significant growth
infant-5 years of age.
fontanelles
a very soft, flexible fibrous region between two flat bones
in a developing skull (ex is soft spots in an infants skull)
how many bones are in the vertebral column (spine)
26 bones total, 24 vertebrae, the sacrum and the coccyx
sacrum
coccyx
spine/ vertebral column
what are the spinal curves
cervical curve
thoracic curve
lumbar curve
sacral curve
primary curves (accommodation curves)
are curves that are present during birth (thoracic and sacral curve)
secondary curves (compensation curves)
appear after birth (cervical and lumbar curves)
how many vertebrae are in the neck
seven cervical vertebrae
how many vertebrae are in the upper back
12 thoracic vertebrae
how many vertebrae are in the lower back
five lumbar vertebrae
vertebral body
transfers weight along the spine
forms anterior margin of each vertebral foramen
vertebral arch
forms posterior margin of each vertebral foramen
walls called pedicles
laminae form roof
articular processes
lateral projections between laminae and pedicles
spinous process
posterior projection from where the vertebral laminae fuses
transverse process
projections from where laminae join pedicles
superior and inferior articular processes
have articular facets
for articulations with neighboring vertebrae
intervertebral discs
a fibrocartilage pad between the bodies of successive vertebrae that absorb shock.
intervertebral foramina
gaps between pedicles of adjacent vertebrae. encloses the spinal cord
whiplash
is a partial or complete dislocation of cervical vertebrae
what is the atlas
C1
what is the axis
C2
the cervical vertebrae
C1 to C7
the thoracic vertebrae
T1-T12
the lumbar vertebrae
L1-L5
what is scoliosis
is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine in one or more of the moveable vertebrae
thoracic cage
how many ribs are there
12 pairs
divided into two types
true ribs
ribs 1-7
are connected to sternum by costal cartilage
false ribs
ribs 8-10
do not attach directly to the sternum
ribs 11 and 12 are floating ribs connect only to the vertebrae and the muscles of the body
sternum (breastbone)
