ch 9 cognition notes Flashcards
facts we consciously know through effortful processing
explicit memory
retention of learned skills, can happen without awareness
implicit memory
intentionally repeating info
maintenance rehearsal
significant material is easier to learn
meaningfulness
memory aids (catchwords, jingles, phrases, acronyms)
mnemonic devices
combining and grouping items into related units, increases number of items learned
chunking
distribute study time
spacing effect
inadequate retrieval cues
encoding failure
old learning interferes with new
proactive/negative transfer
new learning interferes with old
retroactive/positive transfer
how our memory is affected by the position of information in a sequence
serial position effect
recall is less accurate because of post event information
misinformation
long lasting, vivid, detailed, episodic memory of the circumstance around the time of recieving a shocking surprising piece of newss
flashbulb memories
the ability to vividly recall images, sounds or objects in memory with extreme accuracy and in abundant volume, as if the person was still expecting the stimuli
eidetic memory
happy people will better remember ____ memories
happy
a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli/picture image memory
iconic memory
a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli (sounds and words can be recalled)
echoic memory
enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information
testing effect
explicit memory of facts and general knowledge
semantic memory
explicit memory of personally experienced events
episodic memory
the neural storage of brain memory
memory consolidation
an increase in a cells firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation (learning and memory)
long term potentiation
remembering the last event in a sequence best
recency effect
remembering the first event in a sequence best
primacy effect
