ch 9 cognition notes

Question 1

facts we consciously know through effortful processing

Answer 1

explicit memory

Question 2

retention of learned skills, can happen without awareness

Answer 2

implicit memory

Question 3

intentionally repeating info

Answer 3

maintenance rehearsal

Question 4

significant material is easier to learn

Answer 4

meaningfulness

Question 5

memory aids (catchwords, jingles, phrases, acronyms)

Answer 5

mnemonic devices

Question 6

combining and grouping items into related units, increases number of items learned

Answer 6

chunking

Question 7

distribute study time

Answer 7

spacing effect

Question 8

inadequate retrieval cues

Answer 8

encoding failure

Question 9

old learning interferes with new

Answer 9

proactive/negative transfer

Question 10

new learning interferes with old

Answer 10

retroactive/positive transfer

Question 11

how our memory is affected by the position of information in a sequence

Answer 11

serial position effect

Question 12

recall is less accurate because of post event information

Answer 12

misinformation

Question 13

long lasting, vivid, detailed, episodic memory of the circumstance around the time of recieving a shocking surprising piece of newss

Answer 13

flashbulb memories

Question 14

the ability to vividly recall images, sounds or objects in memory with extreme accuracy and in abundant volume, as if the person was still expecting the stimuli

Answer 14

eidetic memory

Question 15

happy people will better remember ____ memories

Answer 15

happy

Question 16

a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli/picture image memory

Answer 16

iconic memory

Question 17

a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli (sounds and words can be recalled)

Answer 17

echoic memory

Question 18

enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information

Answer 18

testing effect

Question 19

explicit memory of facts and general knowledge

Answer 19

semantic memory

Question 20

explicit memory of personally experienced events

Answer 20

episodic memory

Question 21

the neural storage of brain memory

Answer 21

memory consolidation

Question 22

an increase in a cells firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation (learning and memory)

Answer 22

long term potentiation

Question 23

remembering the last event in a sequence best

Answer 23

recency effect

Question 24

remembering the first event in a sequence best

Answer 24

primacy effect

Question 25

inability to form new memories

Answer 25

anterograde amnesia

Question 26

an inability to retrieve information from ones past

Answer 26

retrograde amnesia

Question 27

forward acting discipline effect of older learning on the recall of new information

Answer 27

proactive inference

Question 28

faulty memory for how when or where information was learned

Answer 28

source amnesia

Question 29

remembering conceived as involving the use of general knowledge stored in ones memory to construct a more complete and detailed account of an event by filling in various features of the memory

Answer 29

constructive memory

Question 30

remembering to do something in the future

Answer 30

prospective memory

Question 31

an encoding strategy to facilitate the formation of memory by linking new information to what one already knows

Answer 31

elaborative rehearsal