ch 3 genetics heritability and evolutionary psych test Flashcards
Chromosomes are located within human
cells
Professor Assad suggested that a cautious attitude toward sexual encounters has proven to be more reproductively advantageous to women than to men because the birth process is time-consuming. This suggestion best illustrates the logic of a(n) _________ theory of sexual behavior.
evolutionary
Johnny often hits his brother even though his brother does not do anything to antagonize him. Johnny’s aggression is most likely due to a combination of which of the following factors
his genetic makeup, the environment he grew up in, and the fact that aggression can be evolutionarily adaptive
The unique personalities of children bring predictable responses from their caregivers. This best illustrates the _____________ of nature and nurture.
interaction
Evolutionary Psychologists have suggested that men are ____________ likely than women to prefer mates with a fertile-looking appearance and ___________ likely than women to prefer mates with wealth and social status.
more, less
Twin studies suggest that Alzheimer’s disease is influenced by
heredity
Identical twins originate from the fertilization of
a single egg and a single sperm cell
An evolutionary psychologist would be likely to suggest that human preferences for sweet-tasting foods
are genetically predisposed
what perspective is this: A study to see if women were more attracted to men who liked children than men who did not like children
evolutionary
How have gender roles in the United States changed over time?
traditional masculine and feminine traits are not as significant in mate selection as they were in the past
MISSED: Why is it incorrect to say that 50% heritability of intelligence means that the cause of your intelligence is 50% genetic and 50% environmental?
because heritability accounts for variations among people, not in specific individuals
When people discuss the nature versus nurture controversy, nature refers to ________ and nurture refers to ________.
biology, environment
As babies LynnAnn was usually timid and fearful, whereas her biological sister Heather was typically relaxed and cheerful. The two sisters are most strikingly different in:
temperament
Adopted children are more likely to demonstrate levels of agreeableness and extroversion, more similar to that of their biological parents than their adoptive parents. This finding suggests that personality traits are more strongly influenced by
genes than the home environment
MISSED: When the “Jim twins,” identical twins reared apart, were reunited 39 years later, surprising similarities were discovered. Although they had married women of the same name, named their sons and dogs the same names, one should be cautious before attributing these similarities to genetic factors because
any two strangers are likely to share coincidental similarities
Studies of identical twins who had been reared apart most clearly highlight the importance of ___________ in personality development.
genetic predispositions
MISSED:
Trinna and Suzanne are identical twins who were the same length at birth. They were adopted by different families at birth and then reconnected in their early thirties. Trinna is two inches shorter and was a severely selective eater as a child. A researcher was conducting an investigation about twins separated at birth. What research method and explanation best fit this scenario?
A case study, because both heredity and environment are important in determining length and height.
Evolutionary psychologists emphasize that environmentally adaptive behaviors are those that have promoted
reproductive success
If a genetic predisposition to fear darkness contributes to reproductive success, that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations. This best illustrates
natural selection
An adaptation is an inherited physical or behavioral characteristic that
increases an organism’s chance for survival
What is this an example of?: During a drought, the foliage in a region turns brown. More brownish moths than whitish moths from a particular breed survive predation and produce more offspring. Subsequent generations of moths have a higher percentage of brownish moths than the generation before.
natural selection
Because Marla is the first girl in her 4th grade class to physically mature, she is sometimes teased and rejected by her classmates. Marla’s sense of social isolation and embarrassment result from the interaction of
genetics and environmental factors
Epigenetics refers to the
study of how the environment triggers genetic expression
Evolutionary psychologists are more likely criticized for:
providing hindsight explanations for human behaviors
