ch 3 genetics heritability and evolutionary psych test

Question 1

Chromosomes are located within human

Answer 1

cells

Question 2

Professor Assad suggested that a cautious attitude toward sexual encounters has proven to be more reproductively advantageous to women than to men because the birth process is time-consuming. This suggestion best illustrates the logic of a(n) _________ theory of sexual behavior.

Answer 2

evolutionary

Question 3

Johnny often hits his brother even though his brother does not do anything to antagonize him. Johnny’s aggression is most likely due to a combination of which of the following factors

Answer 3

his genetic makeup, the environment he grew up in, and the fact that aggression can be evolutionarily adaptive

Question 4

The unique personalities of children bring predictable responses from their caregivers. This best illustrates the _____________ of nature and nurture.

Answer 4

interaction

Question 5

Evolutionary Psychologists have suggested that men are ____________ likely than women to prefer mates with a fertile-looking appearance and ___________ likely than women to prefer mates with wealth and social status.

Answer 5

more, less

Question 6

Twin studies suggest that Alzheimer’s disease is influenced by

Answer 6

heredity

Question 7

Identical twins originate from the fertilization of

Answer 7

a single egg and a single sperm cell

Question 8

An evolutionary psychologist would be likely to suggest that human preferences for sweet-tasting foods

Answer 8

are genetically predisposed

Question 9

what perspective is this: A study to see if women were more attracted to men who liked children than men who did not like children

Answer 9

evolutionary

Question 10

How have gender roles in the United States changed over time?

Answer 10

traditional masculine and feminine traits are not as significant in mate selection as they were in the past

Question 11

MISSED: Why is it incorrect to say that 50% heritability of intelligence means that the cause of your intelligence is 50% genetic and 50% environmental?

Answer 11

because heritability accounts for variations among people, not in specific individuals

Question 12

When people discuss the nature versus nurture controversy, nature refers to ________ and nurture refers to ________.

Answer 12

biology, environment

Question 13

As babies LynnAnn was usually timid and fearful, whereas her biological sister Heather was typically relaxed and cheerful. The two sisters are most strikingly different in:

Answer 13

temperament

Question 14

Adopted children are more likely to demonstrate levels of agreeableness and extroversion, more similar to that of their biological parents than their adoptive parents. This finding suggests that personality traits are more strongly influenced by

Answer 14

genes than the home environment

Question 15

MISSED: When the “Jim twins,” identical twins reared apart, were reunited 39 years later, surprising similarities were discovered. Although they had married women of the same name, named their sons and dogs the same names, one should be cautious before attributing these similarities to genetic factors because

Answer 15

any two strangers are likely to share coincidental similarities

Question 16

Studies of identical twins who had been reared apart most clearly highlight the importance of ___________ in personality development.

Answer 16

genetic predispositions

Question 17

MISSED:
Trinna and Suzanne are identical twins who were the same length at birth. They were adopted by different families at birth and then reconnected in their early thirties. Trinna is two inches shorter and was a severely selective eater as a child. A researcher was conducting an investigation about twins separated at birth. What research method and explanation best fit this scenario?

Answer 17

A case study, because both heredity and environment are important in determining length and height.

Question 18

Evolutionary psychologists emphasize that environmentally adaptive behaviors are those that have promoted

Answer 18

reproductive success

Question 19

If a genetic predisposition to fear darkness contributes to reproductive success, that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations. This best illustrates

Answer 19

natural selection

Question 20

An adaptation is an inherited physical or behavioral characteristic that

Answer 20

increases an organism’s chance for survival

Question 21

What is this an example of?: During a drought, the foliage in a region turns brown. More brownish moths than whitish moths from a particular breed survive predation and produce more offspring. Subsequent generations of moths have a higher percentage of brownish moths than the generation before.

Answer 21

natural selection

Question 22

Because Marla is the first girl in her 4th grade class to physically mature, she is sometimes teased and rejected by her classmates. Marla’s sense of social isolation and embarrassment result from the interaction of

Answer 22

genetics and environmental factors

Question 23

Epigenetics refers to the

Answer 23

study of how the environment triggers genetic expression

Question 24

Evolutionary psychologists are more likely criticized for:

Answer 24

providing hindsight explanations for human behaviors

Question 25

Compared with identical twins, fraternal twins are

Answer 25

less likely to be the same sex and less likely to be similar in extraversion

Question 26

MISSED: Heritability refers to the extent to which

Answer 26

trait differences among individuals are attributable to genetic variations