ch 10 cognition; thinking and language notes Flashcards
grouping/categorizing similar objects/events/people
concepts
a typical common object or the best example of something
prototype
a rule that guarantees a solution
algorithms
logical, formal, slower
algorithms
sudden realization of a solution
insight
solving complex problems by splitting the original problem into smaller and more manageable tasks
subgoaling
______ think more creatively about their field than _______
experts, novices
_______ on a problem an yield creative answers
sleeping
math problems, multiple choice questions (what kind of thinking)
convergent
ways to use a blanket, being more creative (what kind of thinking)
divergent
practical methods of problem solving (shortcuts)
heuristics
judging a situation based on ideas that first come to mind
availability heuristic
judging a situation based on how similar the aspects are to the prototype in mind
representative heuristics
representative heuristics lead to ________
rigid schemas
overestimating how accurate we are, too much faith in our own opinion
overconfidence bias
illogical conclusion to confirm the belief
belief/confirmation bias
cling to a belief even after evidence contradicts
belief perseverance
the presentation of problem leads to expectation
framing
inability to see a new use for an object
functional fixedness
tendency to jump to conclusions by thinking of an improbable, but scary solution
anchoring bias
tendency to rely on readily and easily obtained information
availability bias
availability bias and anchoring bias are both examples of _______ heuristics
availability
make decisions based on what allows people to feel good about themselves
self serving bias
a person is reluctant to abandon a strategy because they have invested heavily in it
sunk cost fallacy
