ch 16 social psychology vocab

Question 1

theory that we explain someones behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition

Answer 1

attribution theory

Question 2

tendency for observers, when analyzing others behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

Answer 2

fundamental attribution error

Question 3

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, like attractiveness

Answer 3

PERIPHERAL route persuasion

Question 4

focus on arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

Answer 4

central route persuasion

Question 5

influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval

Answer 5

normative social influence

Question 6

influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality

Answer 6

informational social influence

Question 7

improved performance on simple/well learned tasks in presence of others

Answer 7

social facilitation

Question 8

loss of self awareness occuring in groups situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Answer 8

deindividuation

Question 9

the enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within a group

Answer 9

group polarization

Question 10

mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Answer 10

groupthink

Question 11

tendency to favor our own group

Answer 11

ingroup bias

Question 12

culturally modeled guide for how to act in certain situations

Answer 12

social script

Question 13

aroused state of intense positive obsession with another

Answer 13

passionate love

Question 14

deep affectionate attachment

Answer 14

companiate love

Question 15

expectation that people will help those needing their help

Answer 15

social responsibility theory

Question 16

belief that leads to its own fulfillment

Answer 16

self fulfilling prophecy

Question 17

shared goals that override differences among people that require their cooperation

Answer 17

superordinate coals

Question 18

perception by an individual that the amt of a desired resource they have is less than some comparison standard

Answer 18

relative deprivation

Question 19

tendency for individuals acting in a situation to attribute the causes of their behavior to external/situational factors but for observers to attribute the same behaviors to internal disposition

Answer 19

actor-observer effect

Question 20

rating bias in which a general evaluation influences judgements of that person

Answer 20

halo effect

Question 21

virtually every member of a group privately disagrees with what are considered to be the prevailing attitudes of the group

Answer 21

pluralistic ignorance

Question 22

diminished sense of responsibility often experienced by individuals in groups and social collectives

Answer 22

diffusion of responsibility

Question 23

approach to intergroup conflict reduction that encourages parties to communicate cooperative intentions, engage in behaviors consistent with intentions, and intimate cooperative responses

Answer 23

GRIT

Question 24

interpreting negative events as awful and permanent and positive events as fleeting

Answer 24

pessimistic explanatory style

Question 25

interpreting positive events as permanent while seeing negative events as temporary

Answer 25

positive explanatory style

Question 26

cognitive bias where individuals overestimate to which others share their beliefs, assume own views are common

Answer 26

false consensus effect

Question 27

tendency to percieve members in groups we don't belong to as more similar to each other than members of our own groups

Answer 27

out group homogenity bias

Question 28

people overestimate how much others are paying attention to them

Answer 28

spotlight effect

Question 29

the belief that external factors, such as luck, fate, or other people, are responsible for the outcomes of events in one's life, rather than one's own actions

Answer 29

external locus of control