ch 9

Question 1

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 1

membrane continuous with nuclear membrane

Question 2

lumen

Answer 2

liquid inside membrane

Question 3

rough ER

Answer 3

coated with ribosomes
synthesizes proteins

Question 4

smooth ER

Answer 4

free of ribosomes
synthesizes lipids

Question 5

how do ribosomes get to the ER

Answer 5

1. signal sequence gets bound by SRP
2. SRP stops translation and carries ribosome to rough ER
3. SRP binds SRP receptor in ER membrane

Question 6

define signal sequence

Answer 6

amino acids at the end of a new polypeptide

Question 7

define SRP

Answer 7

signal recognition particle
protein complex

Question 8

define SRP receptor

Answer 8

protein that anchors SRP and ribosome to ER

Question 9

translocon

Answer 9

channel that ribosome feeds growing polypeptide through

Question 10

chaperone function in ER

Answer 10

bind to proteins that enter ER lumen and help them fold

Question 11

transmembrane proteins

Answer 11

proteins embedded in membrane
not fully fed into the lumen

Question 12

how are proteins embedded in the membrane

Answer 12

translocating polypeptide is moved laterally from translocon to membrane

polypeptide is passed through lateral gate

Question 13

multi-pass proteins

Answer 13

proteins that cross the membrane more than once

Question 14

where are phospholipids synthesized

Answer 14

membrane of smooth ER

Question 15

flipases

Answer 15

enzymes that flip phospholipids to other side of bilayer

Question 16

golgi function

Answer 16

sort, package, modifying, transporting molecules

Question 17

cis face of golgi

Answer 17

faces the ER
vesicles with proteins enter

Question 18

medial region of golgi

Answer 18

middle stacks
proteins flow through and get modified

Question 19

trans face of golgi

Answer 19

faces other regions of cells
vesicles go to membrane or other organelles

Question 20

glycosylated

Answer 20

carbohydrates are covalently attached to proteins
helps control where proteins go next

Question 21

T/F: glycosylated proteins are sorted into different regions of the trans golgi

Answer 21

true

Question 22

vesicle

Answer 22

small membrane-bound spheres within the cell
transports contents

Question 23

steps of vesicle transport

Answer 23

1. protein cargo loaded at vesicle region
2. vesicle takes shape with help of coat proteins
3. vesicle is pinched off
4. vesicle carried along cytoskeleton
5. vesicle fuses with target membrane

Question 24

coat proteins

Answer 24

surround vesicle region and help it form a sphere

Question 25

motor proteins

Answer 25

carry vesicles along cytoskeleton filaments

Question 26

SNARE proteins

Answer 26

proteins that help fuse vesicle with target membrane

Question 27

function of lysosomes

Answer 27

organelles full of digestive proteins

Question 28

endocytosis

Answer 28

cells consume food particles from environment

Question 29

autophagy

Answer 29

cells destroy their own organelles

Question 30

autophagosome

Answer 30

double membraned sphere produced by ER
surrounds damaged organelles

Question 31

fasting causes…

Answer 31

autophagy

good for health!