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cell bio > ch 9 > Flashcards

ch 9 Flashcards

endoplasmic reticulum, golgi, lysosome

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

membrane continuous with nuclear membrane

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2
Q

lumen

A

liquid inside membrane

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3
Q

rough ER

A

coated with ribosomes
synthesizes proteins

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4
Q

smooth ER

A

free of ribosomes
synthesizes lipids

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5
Q

how do ribosomes get to the ER

A
  1. signal sequence gets bound by SRP
  2. SRP stops translation and carries ribosome to rough ER
  3. SRP binds SRP receptor in ER membrane
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6
Q

define signal sequence

A

amino acids at the end of a new polypeptide

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7
Q

define SRP

A

signal recognition particle
protein complex

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8
Q

define SRP receptor

A

protein that anchors SRP and ribosome to ER

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9
Q

translocon

A

channel that ribosome feeds growing polypeptide through

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10
Q

chaperone function in ER

A

bind to proteins that enter ER lumen and help them fold

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11
Q

transmembrane proteins

A

proteins embedded in membrane
not fully fed into the lumen

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12
Q

how are proteins embedded in the membrane

A

translocating polypeptide is moved laterally from translocon to membrane

polypeptide is passed through lateral gate

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13
Q

multi-pass proteins

A

proteins that cross the membrane more than once

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14
Q

where are phospholipids synthesized

A

membrane of smooth ER

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15
Q

flipases

A

enzymes that flip phospholipids to other side of bilayer

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16
Q

golgi function

A

sort, package, modifying, transporting molecules

17
Q

cis face of golgi

A

faces the ER
vesicles with proteins enter

18
Q

medial region of golgi

A

middle stacks
proteins flow through and get modified

19
Q

trans face of golgi

A

faces other regions of cells
vesicles go to membrane or other organelles

20
Q

glycosylated

A

carbohydrates are covalently attached to proteins
helps control where proteins go next

21
Q

T/F: glycosylated proteins are sorted into different regions of the trans golgi

A

true

22
Q

vesicle

A

small membrane-bound spheres within the cell
transports contents

23
Q

steps of vesicle transport

A
  1. protein cargo loaded at vesicle region
  2. vesicle takes shape with help of coat proteins
  3. vesicle is pinched off
  4. vesicle carried along cytoskeleton
  5. vesicle fuses with target membrane
24
Q

coat proteins

A

surround vesicle region and help it form a sphere

25
Q

motor proteins

A

carry vesicles along cytoskeleton filaments

26
Q

SNARE proteins

A

proteins that help fuse vesicle with target membrane

27
Q

function of lysosomes

A

organelles full of digestive proteins

28
Q

endocytosis

A

cells consume food particles from environment

29
Q

autophagy

A

cells destroy their own organelles

30
Q

autophagosome

A

double membraned sphere produced by ER
surrounds damaged organelles

31
Q

fasting causes…

A

autophagy

good for health!

cell bio (15 decks)

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