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cell bio > ch 3 > Flashcards

ch 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

genome

A

one copy of all DNA of an organism

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1
Q

how many genomes do bacteria have

A

1 million nucleotide base pairs

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2
Q

how many genomes do humans have

A

3 billion nucleotide base pairs

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3
Q

does genome size equal organism complexity

A

no

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4
Q

chromosomes

A

DNA stored in the nucleus as chromosomes

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5
Q

how many unique chromosomes are in humans

A

23

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6
Q

define histones

A

protein DNA is wrapped around

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7
Q

multiple DNA-wrapped histones form _____-

A

coils

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8
Q

define chromatin

A

DNA and protein together

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9
Q

how many types of histone proteins are there

A

5

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10
Q

define nucleosome

A

one set of histones with DNA wrapped around
8 histones make 1 nucleosome
2 copies of H2A, H2B, H3, & H4

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11
Q

which histone is not used to make a nucleosome

A

H1

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12
Q

what does the H1 histone do

A

lie outside nucleosome and clamp DNA to it
not considered part of the nucleosome

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13
Q

define heterochromatin

A

condensed chromatin
inactive DNA

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14
Q

define euchromatin

A

decondensed chromatin
active DNA

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15
Q

function of chromatin remodeling complexes

A

control chromatin compaction

16
Q

what are the 3 main types of DNA sequences

A

genes
intergenic regions
telomeres

17
Q

define genes

A

distinct DNA segments that can be transcribed

18
Q

transcription process overview

A

1.) DNA of gene is opened
2.) RNA nucleotides are added based on DNA
3.) RNA molecule complementary to DNA is formed

19
Q

translation process overview

A

1.) mRNA is used as instructions to make a protein
2.) amino acids are linked together for polypeptide chains
3.) sequence of amino acids is determined by RNA sequence

20
Q

define ncRNA

A

noncoding RNAs
don’t make protein

21
Q

define mRNA

A

protein-coding genes

22
Q

define promoter

A

DNA sequence just before gene
helps begin transcription

23
Q

define terminator sequence

A

DNA sequence at end of gene
stops transcription

24
Q

parts of a gene

A

promoter
transcribed portion
terminator sequence

25
Q

define intergenic regions

A

DNA regions between genes
not used to make RNA

26
Q

define junk DNA

A

intergenic and noncoding DNA
not actually junk lol

27
Q

define telomeres

A

ends of chromosomes
forms closed loop

cell bio (15 decks)

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