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Microbio > Ch 9 > Flashcards

Ch 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Process of DNA replication

A

DNA gyrase. Relaxes super coiling.
DNA, helicase case unzips the DNA helix
Primase makes a small RNA primer for DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides
DNA ligase joins DNA fragments of the lagging strand

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2
Q

Transcription

A

Making double-stranded m-rna from DNA template (gene)

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3
Q

RNA polymerase attaches to

A

Promoter [tata box] which is upstream of the gene

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4
Q

Steps of Transcription

A

Initiation, elongation, termination

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5
Q

Prokaryotic mRNA can

A

Code for

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6
Q

mRNA is a

A

Temporary copy of information in DNA

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7
Q

Translation

A

mRNA to protein

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8
Q

mRNA uses

A

3 - letter codons

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9
Q

Start codon

A

AUG

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10
Q

Stop codon

A

UAG,UAA,UGA

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11
Q

Redundancy

A

Genetic code is degenerative

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12
Q

Translation needs

A

mRNA, tRNA, ribosome,

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13
Q

Sites in ribosome

A

A, amino acid has dropped off at the acceptor site
P, peptide is built
E exit site 

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14
Q

Initiation

A

Ribosome binds to site (A)
AUG is start codon the complete ribosome assembles at the start codon

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15
Q

Elongation

A

Initiating tRNA still occupies p - site
Second tRNA with its amino acids elongation phase creates a polypeptide proteins

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16
Q

Termination

A

mRNA stop codon stops translation polypeptide gets released from the ribosome by enzymes.

17
Q

Added Base pairs

A

Can make an incorrect reading frame base pair likely nonfunctional protein

18
Q

Post translational modifications

A

Polypeptide modified after synthesis
Some must be folded into specific three-dimensional structure with assistance of proteins chaperones
Such as phosphorylation glycosylation methylation 

19
Q

Prokaryote transcription & translation

A

70s ribosome ( 30s+50s )
Simultaneous transcription & translation in bacteria
MRNA can be polycistronic

20
Q

Eukaryotes translation & transcription

A

80s ribosome (40s + 60s )
Non-coding sequence is our introns spicing removes introns
Exons are expressed regions
MRNA transported to cytoplasm
MRNA typically monocistronic

21
Q

TRNA

A

Contains an anti-codon that is complementary to the mRNA codon you binds to a G binds to see
TRNA brings the correct amino acid to the building proteins

Microbio (12 decks)

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