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Microbio > Ch 1 > Flashcards

Ch 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Considered father of microbiology

A

Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek

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2
Q

Who discovered the smallpox vaccination

A

Edward Jenner

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3
Q

Who discovered what is now known as the theory of biogenesis life and that microorganisms cause fermentation and disease

A

Louis Pasteur

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4
Q

Who discovered that bacteria causes tuberculosis and cholera and development of anthrax. Also developed that diseases are caused by certain organs

A

Robert Koch

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5
Q

Microbials

A

General term that refers to anything living in the microbial world (microorganisms+acellular infectious agents)

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6
Q

Examples of microorganisms and acellular infectious diseases

A

M: bacteria, yeast, fungi, and algae
A: viruses, prions, and viroids

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7
Q

Microorganisms

A

Organisms that are tooo small to be seen by the naked eye. Refers to microbes that are living like bacteria , archaea, and yeast.

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8
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

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9
Q

Bacteria

A

Single celled organisms
Prokaryotic cells
Unique ribosomal DNA
Cell wall contains peptidoglycan
Common in the environment and in our microbiome
.3-2um

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10
Q

Archaea

A

Single celled organisms
Prokaryotic
Unique ribosomal DNA
NO peptidoglycan
Not as well studied due to living in extreme temperatures (very acidic, high PH)
.3-2 um

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11
Q

Eukarya

A

Single celled or multicellular
Eukaryotic cell
Contains a nucleus and organelles
Unique ribosomal DNA
NO peptidoglycan
5-50um
Divided into 4 kingdoms:
Protista (algae, protozoa)
Fungi ( fungi, yeast,mold)
Plantae (plants)
Animalia (animals, humans)

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12
Q

Acellular infectious agents (viruses,viroids,prions)

A

Are not alive
They are NOT considered a cell
They are NOT microorganisms

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13
Q

Importance of microorganisms

A

Human microbiome
Microorganisms in the environment
Commercial benefits of microorganisms
Microbes as research tools
Microbes and diseases

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14
Q

microbiome

A

Collective genomes (genes) of microbes living together

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15
Q

Microbiota

A

Community of microbes themselves

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16
Q

Human microbiome can be changed through

A

Diet, exercise, medication, and exposure.

Stimulating and teaching our immune system.
Prevent diseases by competing with pathogenic microbes.

17
Q

Microorganisms in the environment

A

Nitration fixation and decomposing
Bacteria and algae fix the very needed nitrogen that is important to us and plants but don’t have the tools to use it by ourselves.

For plants, photosynthetic microorganisms produce oxygen.

18
Q

What is prochlorococcus

A

A type of Cyanobacteria in the ocean

19
Q

Commercial use of microorganisms

A

Yeast
Fermentation; milk (yogurt, cheese) and grains (beer)
For vitamins, antibodies, fuel, biodegradable products

20
Q

Yeast fermentation

A

From glucose to bacteria fermentation. Different fermentations include aspergillus (soy sauce), lactobacillus (cheese, yogurt), saccharomyces (beer, wine, alcohol) .

21
Q

Environment commercial benefits of microorganisms

A

Biodegradation: degrades PCB, DDT, and other pollutants
Helps clean up oil spills

22
Q

What is bioremediation

A

Using microorganisms to hasten decay of products

23
Q

Microorganisms as research tools

A

Amazing model organisms
Metabolism and genetics are similar to human
Small size
Rapid growth
Cause major scientific discoveries

24
Q

Microbes and disease

A

Most microbes are NOT harmful
Some are pathogens and those causes diseases to humans and/or other organisms

25
Q

Diseases caused by bacteria that were common but now have a vaccine

A

Smallpox (eradicated 1980)
Tenatus
Diphtheria
Mumps
Rubella
Hepatitis A and B

26
Q

Diseases caused by microbes with no vaccine

A

Common cold
Malaria
HIV
Lyme disease

27
Q

Novel (new) diseases

A

COVID 19, SARS and Mers

28
Q

Severe novel Coronavirus Strains

A

SARS-CoV: severe acute respiratory system: 2002 (first reported in china)
MERS-CoV: Middle Eastern Respiratory System2012(first reported in Saudi Arabia)

SARS-COV-2:Dec 2019 first reported in china

29
Q

Present and future challenges

A

Novel diseases
Pathogens can become resistant to antimicrobial medications
Increased travel and immigration
Changes in population
Chronic diseases may be caused by bacteria

30
Q

Peptic ulcer caused by what bacteria

A

Helicobacter pylori

31
Q

Thermus aquaticus (taq polymerase)

A

Found in the Yellowstone grand prismatic spring

Microbio (12 decks)

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