Bacterial Genetics Flashcards
Genetic change in bacteria can occur in a ways
Mutation
Horizontal gene transfer
Mutation
Any change in the nucloticle sequence of a cell
Genotype = the sequence of nucleoticle
Organisms adapt to changing bacteria
Natural selection favors those with greater fitness
Bacteria adjust to environmentsl
How do bacteria adapt to a new environment
Mutations can occur in different ways
Spontaneous mutation
Spontaneous mutation
a mutation that occurs due to random errors during DNA replication & are passed to progeny
Types:
base substitution (point mutation ) silent, missence, nonsense
Frame shift notation
Base substitution or point mutation
A change in 1
Silent mutation
No change in amino acids: No phenotype effect typically
Missense mutation
Codes fur a different amino acid
Nonsense mutation
Inserts a stop codon
Sickle cell mutation
Most common inherited blood disorder
Missense
Methicillin resistant S. Aureus (mrsa)
Resistant to methicillin
Two types of frameshift mutation
Insertion
Deletion
Removing/adding 1 to 2 base pairs
Huntington disease
Genetic disease
Transposons
Pieces of DNA that can be inserted into a cell’s genome from another location
Transposition
“Jumping genes”
~30 - 50 % of human genome um made up of transposable elements
Induce mutations
2 general types of mutagens
Chemical
Radiation
Chemical mutagens
Base pair mutagens
Base analogs
Intercalculating agents
Two types of radiation that cause mutations
Repair of DNA damage
Mismatch repair
Base
Thymine dimers
SOS repair
