Bacterial Genetics Flashcards
Genetic change in bacteria can occur in a ways
Mutation
Horizontal gene transfer
Mutation
Any change in the nucloticle sequence of a cell
Genotype = the sequence of nucleoticle
Organisms adapt to changing bacteria
Natural selection favors those with greater fitness
Bacteria adjust to environmentsl
How do bacteria adapt to a new environment
Mutations can occur in different ways
Spontaneous mutation
Spontaneous mutation
a mutation that occurs due to random errors during DNA replication & are passed to progeny
Types:
base substitution (point mutation ) silent, missence, nonsense
Frame shift notation
Base substitution or point mutation
A change in 1
Silent mutation
No change in amino acids: No phenotype effect typically
Missense mutation
Codes fur a different amino acid
Nonsense mutation
Inserts a stop codon
Sickle cell mutation
Most common inherited blood disorder
Missense
Methicillin resistant S. Aureus (mrsa)
Resistant to methicillin
Two types of frameshift mutation
Insertion
Deletion
Removing/adding 1 to 2 base pairs
Huntington disease
Genetic disease
Transposons
Pieces of DNA that can be inserted into a cell’s genome from another location
Transposition
“Jumping genes”
~30 - 50 % of human genome um made up of transposable elements
